Complex Multiplication

Algebra Level 1

If i = 1 i = \sqrt{-1} , then what is the value of

1 1 1 = ? \large\color{#D61F06}{\sqrt{-1}} \color{#20A900}{\sqrt{-1}} \color{#3D99F6}{\sqrt{-1}} = \ ?

i -i 1 -1 i i 1 1

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5 solutions

1 1 1 \sqrt{-1}\sqrt{-1}\sqrt{-1} = i × i × i =i\times i \times i = 1 × i =-1\times i = i = \boxed{-i}

how can you have a square root of a negative value?

Alan Doran - 5 years, 6 months ago

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Study Complex numbers. You will know!

Shubham Java - 5 years, 6 months ago

For your information: i i is the number as i 2 = 1 i^{2} = -1

Evan Huynh - 5 years, 6 months ago

That is an imaginary number.

Shruti Pathak - 5 years ago
Lev Jones
Nov 29, 2015

Can somebody explain why approaching the problem from this direction gives a different solution.

(Sorry about the image, can't workout the latex markup)

Moderator note:

As pointed out in the comments, x × y = x y \sqrt{x} \times \sqrt{y} = \sqrt{xy} is a rule that works for positive real numbers, and need not work in all other cases.

by their own information: {i=-\/-1( rout neg 1)} then wouldn't it be: i i i = i ????

Anthony Fitzgerald - 5 years, 6 months ago

If you use this, then you get i i i = i i*i*i=i .

Then as C \mathbb{C} is a field the cancellative laws hold, so i i = 1 i*i=1 which is a contradiction to anything. For example, the fundamental theorem of algebra, 1 1 would have three different square roots. Or as i 2 = 1 i^2=-1 , the fact that 1 1 1\neq -1 . And the importance of these facts is such, that you could contradict anything that is based in them. For example if i i = 1 i*i=1 and 1 -1 at the same time, then 2 i i = 1 + ( 1 ) = 0 2*i*i=1+(-1)=0 which contradicts the fact that R \mathbb{R} has characteristic zero. Or you could get i i = 0 i*i=0 so 1 = 0 1=0 which contradicts axioms of field for real numbers. Or getting i i = 0 i*i=0 would contradict thar the complex field has no zero divisors.

What I mean by this is that there is a mistake in your calculations. This is, that in complex numbers you cannot change the order of exponents and roots in a rational exponent.

This is ( z a ) 1 / b ( z 1 / b ) a (z^{a})^{1/b}\neq (z^{1/b})^a . This only holds when z z is a nonnegative real number. For example for z = 1 z=-1 , a = b = 2 a=b=2 , you get in the left side 1 = 1 \sqrt{1}=1 and in the right side i 2 = 1 i^2=-1 . You could try and see that if you take the negative square root both sides result the same, but then it wouldn't hold for positive numbers. And when doing it in non-real numbers the result is a bit more complicated.

David Molano - 5 years, 6 months ago

These exponent laws that you have used are defined only for complex numbers. From the complex point of view, use the solution given below.

Aditya Agarwal - 5 years, 6 months ago

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I think minor typo your first "complex" is actually"real"!?!

Matt Durcan - 5 years ago

BIDMAS - you do division before multiplication. [(-1)^(1/2)]^3

Marc Evans - 5 years, 6 months ago

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Thanks for the suggestion but mathematics doesn't strictly follow BIDMAS! It is just an aid to help students remember the vague order of things. For example 3 + 4 - 5 + 6 = 8 and not -4 as BIDMAS would suggest.

Lev Jones - 5 years, 6 months ago
Matt Durcan
May 25, 2016

I don't consider mine to ba a very important contribution! Is it not the case that sqrt(-1) is actually +/- i (I believe the surd on its own like this is ambiguous meaning either just +sqrt to +/- sqrt) Thus there are "6" answers to the problem degerating into two families, those with an i and those with -i left over giving +/- i as the two answers. Just because the numbers are complex doesn't reduce the number of roots. If I had to choose the answers offered I would choose -i under mild protest.

Mateus Gomes
Feb 8, 2016

1 = e i π 2 ( 1 × 1 × 1 ) = e 3 i π 2 = cos ( 3 π 2 ) + i sin ( 3 π 2 ) = i \sqrt-1={e}^{\frac{i\pi}{2}}\rightarrow\ (\sqrt-1\times\sqrt-1\times\sqrt-1)={e}^{\frac{3i\pi}{2}}=\cos(\frac{3\pi}{2})+i\sin(\frac{3\pi}{2})=\large{\boxed{\color{#3D99F6}{-i}}}

Sadasiva Panicker
Nov 30, 2015

i^2 = -1 & i = root of -1, Then root -1 x root=1 x root-1 = -i

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