If is a complex number of unit modulus whose argument is , find .
Notations:
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It is given that z = ∣ z ∣ e i θ = e i θ ⟹ z ˉ = e − i θ . Then we have:
1 + z ˉ 1 + z = 1 + e − i θ 1 + e i θ = 1 + cos θ − i sin θ 1 + cos θ + i sin θ = 1 + 1 + t 2 1 − t 2 − i 1 + t 2 2 t 1 + 1 + t 2 1 − t 2 + i 1 + t 2 2 t = 2 − i 2 t 2 + i 2 t = 1 − i t 1 + i t = 1 − i t 1 + i t ⋅ 1 + i t 1 + i t = 1 + t 2 1 − t 2 + i 2 t = cos θ + i sin θ = e i θ = z By Euler’s formula, Let t = tan 2 θ , cos θ = 1 + t 2 1 − t 2 , sin θ = 1 + t 2 2 t
Therefore, we have:
ar g ( 1 + z ˉ 1 + z ) = ar g ( z ) = θ