planes are drawn in the infinite space such that they are all concurrent at exactly one point. Let be the maximum number of regions that these planes can divide space. Find the last three digits of .
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This is the same as finding the number of regions n great circles divide the surface of a sphere. The first great circle divides it into 2 regions. Thereafter, the ( n + 1 ) t h great circle will intersect n great circles in 2 n places, creating 2 n arcs, which creates 2 n additional regions. Thus, the formula is
2 + 2 ( 2 1 n ( n − 1 ) ) = n 2 − n + 2
For n = 2 0 1 4 , it works out to 4 0 5 4 1 8 4 , the last 3 digits being 1 8 4 .
One can check this out by tabulating the first few results
{ 2 , 4 , 8 , 1 4 , 2 2 , 3 2 . . . }
In particular, after dividing the sphere into 8 regions with 3 great circles in the obvious way, note that with the 4 t h great circle can only add 6 more regions, not 8 .