Conservation of Energy

A small sphere is given vertical velocity of magnitude v0= 5 m/s and it swings in a vertical plane about the end of massless string. The angle θ with the vertical at which string will break, knowing that it can withstand a maximum tension equal to twice the weight of the sphere, is [g = 10 m/s2]

arccos(0) arccos(0.25) arccos(0.5) arccos(0.75)

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2 solutions

Steven Chase
Oct 13, 2017

Apply conservation of energy to find the speed for a given θ \theta :

1 2 m v 0 2 + m g l c o s θ = 1 2 m v 2 m v 2 = m v 0 2 + 2 m g l c o s θ \frac{1}{2} m v_0^2 + m g \, l \,cos\theta = \frac{1}{2} m v^2 \\ m v^2 = m v_0^2 + 2 m g \, l \,cos\theta

Total centripetal force:

m v 2 l = m v 0 2 l + 2 m g c o s θ \frac{m v^2}{l} = \frac{m v_0^2}{l} + 2 m g \,cos\theta

Represent total centripetal force as a superposition of the string tension and gravity:

m v 0 2 l + 2 m g c o s θ = T m g c o s θ T = m v 0 2 l + 3 m g c o s θ \frac{m v_0^2}{l} + 2 m g \,cos\theta = T - mg \, cos\theta \\ T = \frac{m v_0^2}{l} + 3 m g \,cos\theta

To find the breaking angle, equate the tension expression to the maximum tension:

T m a x = 2 m g = m v 0 2 l + 3 m g c o s θ b T_{max} = 2mg = \frac{m v_0^2}{l} + 3 m g \,cos\theta_b

Cancelling out the mass and plugging in numbers:

T m a x = 2 ( 10 ) = 5 2 2 + 3 ( 10 ) c o s θ b c o s θ b = 1 4 T_{max} = 2(10) = \frac{ 5^2}{2} + 3(10) \,cos\theta_b \\ \boxed{cos\theta_b = \frac{1}{4}}

Aakhyat Singh
Oct 13, 2017

@Md Zuhair , @Steven Chase , @Hemamalinivenkatasesha Nanduri , how did u solve this problem? Could u pls psot ur solutions for this problem ?

I put one up

Steven Chase - 3 years, 8 months ago

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Similar method of mynes :)

Md Zuhair - 3 years, 7 months ago

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