A small sphere is given vertical velocity of magnitude v0= 5 m/s and it swings in a vertical plane about the end of massless string. The angle θ with the vertical at which string will break, knowing that it can withstand a maximum tension equal to twice the weight of the sphere, is [g = 10 m/s2]
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Apply conservation of energy to find the speed for a given θ :
2 1 m v 0 2 + m g l c o s θ = 2 1 m v 2 m v 2 = m v 0 2 + 2 m g l c o s θ
Total centripetal force:
l m v 2 = l m v 0 2 + 2 m g c o s θ
Represent total centripetal force as a superposition of the string tension and gravity:
l m v 0 2 + 2 m g c o s θ = T − m g c o s θ T = l m v 0 2 + 3 m g c o s θ
To find the breaking angle, equate the tension expression to the maximum tension:
T m a x = 2 m g = l m v 0 2 + 3 m g c o s θ b
Cancelling out the mass and plugging in numbers:
T m a x = 2 ( 1 0 ) = 2 5 2 + 3 ( 1 0 ) c o s θ b c o s θ b = 4 1