Constant Product?

If the number of ordered quintuplets ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 ) (x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4,x_5) such that i = 1 5 x i = 1458000 \displaystyle\prod_{i=1}^{5} x_i=1458000 is of the form 2 a × 3 b × 5 c × 7 d 2^a \times 3^b \times 5^c \times 7^d , then find a + b + c + d a+b+c+d .

Details and Assumptions:

  • x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 N x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4,x_5 \in \mathbb{N}
  • a , b , c , d N a,b,c,d \in \mathbb{N}


The answer is 9.

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2 solutions

Mark Hennings
Aug 17, 2016

The answer is simply the 5 5 -fold Dirichlet convolution N = ( 1 1 1 1 1 ) ( 1458000 ) N = (1 \star 1 \star 1 \star 1 \star 1)(1458000) . Since 1 1 is multiplicative, so is its 5 5 -fold convolution. Moreover ( 1 1 1 1 1 ) ( p n ) = 1 24 ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) ( n + 4 ) (1 \star 1 \star 1 \star 1 \star 1)(p^n) \; = \; \tfrac{1}{24}(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)(n+4) for any positive integer n n and prime p p . Thus N = ( 1 1 1 1 1 ) ( 2 4 ) × ( 1 1 1 1 1 ) ( 3 6 ) × ( 1 1 1 1 1 ) ( 5 3 ) = 70 × 210 × 35 = 514560 N \; = \; (1 \star 1 \star 1 \star 1 \star 1)(2^4) \times (1 \star 1 \star 1 \star 1 \star 1)(3^6) \times (1 \star 1 \star 1 \star 1 \star 1)(5^3) \; =\; 70 \times 210 \times 35 \; = \; 514560 and hence N = 2 2 × 3 × 5 3 × 7 3 N = 2^2 \times 3 \times 5^3 \times 7^3 , making the answer 2 + 1 + 3 + 3 = 9 2+1+3+3=\boxed{9} .

Given number 1458000 = 2^4 * 3^6 * 5^3.

So, now the problem becomes finding the number of ways of partitioning a group of four 2s, six 3s and three 5s into five partitions/groups. Thereby, we get the product of numbers in each partition/group to be one value of the ordered quintuplet.

Thus, the total number of ways of making that partition is equal to the number of ordered quintuplets.

Number of partitions

= number of ways of ordering four 2s, six 3s and three 5s into five partitions/groups.

One intuitive approach for this is: Imagine four 2s, six 3s and three 5s as string of literals. Now add four '|' symbols to the original string. The | symbol acts as a separator of groups.

Now the total number of combinations turn into an elementary combinatorics problem like: "In how many ways can you re-arrange

17 characters(4 |s + 4 2s + 6 3s + 3 5s) of which 4 are |s, 4 are 2s and so on

The result is 17!/(4! 4! 6!*3!) = 142942800

This number can be factorized as 142942800 = 2^4 * 3^1 * 5^2 * 7^2 * 2431

Hence, the required form has been achieved and the answer becomes sum of 4+1+2+2 = 9

what is the logic behind adding 4 '|' . please explain.

Akshay Sharma - 5 years, 5 months ago

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