If the number of ordered quintuplets ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 ) such that i = 1 ∏ 5 x i = 1 4 5 8 0 0 0 is of the form 2 a × 3 b × 5 c × 7 d , then find a + b + c + d .
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Given number 1458000 = 2^4 * 3^6 * 5^3.
So, now the problem becomes finding the number of ways of partitioning a group of four 2s, six 3s and three 5s into five partitions/groups. Thereby, we get the product of numbers in each partition/group to be one value of the ordered quintuplet.
Thus, the total number of ways of making that partition is equal to the number of ordered quintuplets.
Number of partitions
= number of ways of ordering four 2s, six 3s and three 5s into five partitions/groups.
One intuitive approach for this is: Imagine four 2s, six 3s and three 5s as string of literals. Now add four '|' symbols to the original string. The | symbol acts as a separator of groups.
Now the total number of combinations turn into an elementary combinatorics problem like: "In how many ways can you re-arrange
17 characters(4 |s + 4 2s + 6 3s + 3 5s) of which 4 are |s, 4 are 2s and so on
The result is 17!/(4! 4! 6!*3!) = 142942800
This number can be factorized as 142942800 = 2^4 * 3^1 * 5^2 * 7^2 * 2431
Hence, the required form has been achieved and the answer becomes sum of 4+1+2+2 = 9
what is the logic behind adding 4 '|' . please explain.
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The answer is simply the 5 -fold Dirichlet convolution N = ( 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ) ( 1 4 5 8 0 0 0 ) . Since 1 is multiplicative, so is its 5 -fold convolution. Moreover ( 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ) ( p n ) = 2 4 1 ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) ( n + 4 ) for any positive integer n and prime p . Thus N = ( 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ) ( 2 4 ) × ( 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ) ( 3 6 ) × ( 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ⋆ 1 ) ( 5 3 ) = 7 0 × 2 1 0 × 3 5 = 5 1 4 5 6 0 and hence N = 2 2 × 3 × 5 3 × 7 3 , making the answer 2 + 1 + 3 + 3 = 9 .