Outside of circle Γ , point A is chosen. Tangents A B and A C to Γ are drawn, with B , C on the circumference of Γ . On the extension of A B , D is a point such that B is between A and D , and ∠ A D C = 2 5 ∘ . The circumcircle of A D C intersects Γ again at E (different from point C ). F is the foot of the perpendicular from B to D C . What is the measure (in degrees) of ∠ D E F ?
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Let C D intersect Γ again at G . Let E G extended intersect A D at H . By alternate segment theorem, ∠ A E D = ∠ A C D = ∠ A C G = ∠ G E C , so ∠ D E G = ∠ C E A = ∠ C D A = ∠ 2 5 ∘ .
Observe that H D G and H E D are similar triangles, so H D 2 = H G × H E . By power of a point, the power of H with respect to Γ gives H B 2 = H G × H E . Hence H D = H B , so H is the midpoint of the hypotenuse, and H D = H B = H F .
Hence, ∠ H F D = ∠ H D F = 2 5 ∘ = ∠ H E D , so points D , E , F , H are concyclic. This shows that ∠ H E F = ∠ H D F = 2 5 ∘ . Thus, ∠ D E F = ∠ D E H + ∠ H E F = 5 0 ∘ .
Let M be midpoint of BD, DC intersect circle with N, then BM=MD=MF=sqrt(power of M), MN must pass E by congruence
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I approach problems like this by identifying special cases that make it easier to work w/. Here, the special case I use is when EF⊥CD:
1). Tagent-chord theorem => ∠AEC = ∠ADC = 25°.
2). ∆ACE ≌ ∆ACE => ∠BEA = ∠CEA = 25°; ∆ACE ≌ ∆ACE => AG ⊥ BC. Thus ∠CBE = 65°.
3). ∠CBE = ∠DBE & EF ⊥ CD => CF = DF, & hence ∠DEF = 50°.