A prime is called cool if there exists no integer such that is a multiple of .
Find the number of cool primes which can be expressed as for some non-negative integer .
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Claim: If a 7 ≡ b 7 ( m o d p ) , then a ≡ b ( m o d p ) .
First, if b ≡ 0 ( m o d p ) , then a ≡ 0 ( m o d p ) , which works. Then if b ≡ 0 , we can write ( a b − 1 ) 7 ≡ 1 ( m o d p ) . Then, the order of a b − 1 mod p is either 7 or 1 , since the order must divide 7 . But the order can't be 7 , since ϕ ( p ) = 7 k + 2 must be a multiple of the order, so it must be 1 , implying that a ≡ b ( m o d p ) , as desired.
Now, consider the set { 0 7 , 1 7 , 2 7 , ⋯ , ( p − 1 ) 7 } . Our claim shows that each of these numbers leave a distinct remainder modulo p . Thus, modulo p , this set is equivalent to { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , ⋯ , p − 1 } . We see that each of these numbers appear exactly once, i.e for all k , there exists a x such that x 7 − k is a multiple of p . Further, note that the minimum possible value of p is 3 , which isn't cool as 3 7 − 3 ≡ 0 ( m o d 3 ) . Our previous logic shows that no larger primes are cool. In conclusion, there exist no cool primes of the form 7 k + 3 .