△ A B C is right at A ( 0 , 0 ) , with vertex B = ( 0 , 4 ) , and vertex C = ( 3 , 0 ) . Segment A C is extended to point D such that the incircles of △ B C D and △ A B C have the same radius. If the incenter of △ B C D is point F ( x , y ) , find x + y .
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△ A B C is a 3 - 4 - 5 triangle, therefore B C = 5 . Then the area of triangle [ A B C ] = 2 4 × 3 = 6 = s r , where s is the semiperimeter of the triangle and r , the radius of the incircle. Therefore 2 3 + 4 + 5 r = 6 ⟹ r = 1 , Let F G be perpendicular to A D . Then y = F G = 1 . And
x = A G = A C + C G = 3 + F G ⋅ cot ∠ F C D = 3 + cot ( 2 ∠ B C D ) = 3 + cot ( 2 1 8 0 ∘ − ∠ B C A ) = 3 + cot ( 9 0 ∘ − 2 θ ) = 3 + tan 2 θ = 3 + sin θ 1 − cos θ = 3 + 5 4 1 − 5 3 = 3 + 2 1 = 3 . 5 Note that ∠ F C D = 2 ∠ B C D Let ∠ B C A = θ
Therefore x + y = 3 . 5 + 1 = 4 . 5 ,
3 - 4 - 5 right triangle is equal to 1, hence point E has coordinates ( 1 , 1 ) . Since the two circles are congruent, the y-coordinate of F is equal to 1. Let x be the x-coordinate of F .
The inradius of theFocusing on the vectors C F = ( x F − x C y F − y C ) = ( x − 3 1 − 0 ) = ( x − 3 1 ) and C E = ( x E − x C y E − y C ) = ( 1 − 3 1 − 0 ) = ( − 2 1 ) , we have
C F ⊥ C E ⇔ C F ⋅ C E = 0 ⇔ ( x − 3 1 ) ( − 2 1 ) = 0 ⇔ − 2 ( x − 3 ) + 1 = 0 ⇔ x = 3 . 5 Hence, x F + y F = 3 . 5 + 1 = 4 . 5 .
From the previous problem, we found that C D = 4 . 5
Therefore, the coordinates of the vertices of △ B C D are
B ( 0 , 4 ) , C ( 3 , 0 ) , D ( 7 . 5 , 0 )
And the side lengths are b = 4 . 5 , c = 4 2 + 7 . 5 2 = 8 . 5 , d = 5
Hence, the coordinates of the incenter F are
F = ( x , y ) = b + c + d b B + b + c + d c C + b + c + d d D
Substituting the numerical values,
( x , y ) = 1 8 4 . 5 ( 0 , 4 ) + 1 8 8 . 5 ( 3 , 0 ) + 1 8 5 ( 7 . 5 , 0 ) = ( 0 , 1 ) + ( 1 2 1 7 , 0 ) + ( 1 2 2 5 , 0 ) = ( 2 7 , 1 ) = ( 3 . 5 , 1 )
Hence x + y = 4 . 5
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The inradius is r = 2 3 + 4 − 5 = 1 . Putting an origin at A , the point F lies on the angle bisector of ∠ B C D and on the line y = 1 .
So F has coordinates F ( 3 + cot 2 ∠ B C D , 1 )
We have ∠ B C D = π − ∠ A C B and tan ∠ A C B = 3 4 . Hence cot 2 ∠ B C D = 2 1 and F ( 2 7 , 1 ) giving the answer 4 . 5 .