Coordinates of the vertices B and C of a triangle A B C are ( 2 , 0 ) and ( 8 , 0 ) respectively. The vertex A is varying in such a way that :
4 t a n 2 B t a n 2 C = 1
The locus of A is an ellipse. Then find out value of the product of the semi-major and semi-minor axis
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B and C are the vertices not focii
Let Semi-Major axis be 'p' and Semi-Minor axis be 'q' . For the Triangle ABC, we are given the co-ordinates B (2,0) and C (8,0). It is also given that 4 t a n 2 B t a n 2 C = 1 --eqn (1)
First Lets use equation (1) using the half angle property of Triangles.
We know that
tan
2
B
=
s
(
s
−
b
)
(
s
−
a
)
(
s
−
c
)
--eqn(2)
tan
2
C
=
s
(
s
−
c
)
(
s
−
a
)
(
s
−
b
)
--eqn(3)
Where 's' is the semi-perimeter of trangle ie. 2 a + b + c side BC = a = 6 (Given)
AB = c
AC = b
Now, Multiplying equations (2) and (3) we get,
s ( s − a )
Therefore, 4 t a n 2 B t a n 2 C = 4 s ( s − a ) = 1 Now substituting the value of s we get 4 ( a + b + c ) ( b + c − a ) = 1
Implies 5 a = 3 b + 3 c
substituting value of 'a' = 6 we get, 1 0 = b + c
Since BC is fixed, B and C are the focus of the ellipse. Therefore, B C = 2 ( p ) ( e ) Let center of BC be 'O' . If b = c , AO is the semi minor axis. So then b=c=5.
BO = 3 and AB = 5 (AOB is right angled at O) Hence, AO = 4. Implies q = 4
Since
(
p
)
(
e
)
=
3
, and Q = 4,
e
2
=
1
−
p
2
q
2
p 2 e 2 = 9
p 2 − q 2 = 9
p 2 = 9 + 1 6
p = 5
Finally, Since we require p q
p q = 2 0
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Here the actual coordinates of B and C do not matter, but their distance (6) does. So let us shift the origin to their midpoint (o) as shown and exploit the symmetry.
C a s e 1 S y m m e t r i c c a s e : B = C
4 tan 2 2 B = 1 giving tan 2 B = 2 1 and tan B = 3 4 Giving OA1 = 4 = Semi Minor axis
C a s e 2 : C = 9 0
This makes tan 2 C = 1 giving tan 2 B = 4 1 and tan B = 1 5 8 Giving O A 2 = 1 5 4 8
Substitute point A 2 = ( 3 . 3 . 2 ) and b = 4 in a 2 x 2 + b 2 y 2 = 1 gives a = 5
hence a.b = 4 x 5 = 20
Finally, an observation. BOA1 is a 3-4-5 right triangle Giving BA1 = 5 = Semi major axis. Hence B and C must be the foci too!