Coordinates

Geometry Level 5

Coordinates of the vertices B B and C C of a triangle A B C ABC are ( 2 , 0 ) (2,0) and ( 8 , 0 ) (8,0) respectively. The vertex A A is varying in such a way that :

4 t a n B 2 t a n C 2 = 1 4tan\dfrac { B }{ 2 } tan\dfrac { C }{ 2 } = 1

The locus of A A is an ellipse. Then find out value of the product of the semi-major and semi-minor axis


The answer is 20.

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2 solutions

Ujjwal Rane
Mar 9, 2015

Imgur Imgur

Here the actual coordinates of B and C do not matter, but their distance (6) does. So let us shift the origin to their midpoint (o) as shown and exploit the symmetry.

C a s e 1 S y m m e t r i c c a s e : B = C \underline{Case 1} Symmetric case : B = C

4 tan 2 B 2 = 1 4 \tan^2 \frac{B}{2} = 1 giving tan B 2 = 1 2 \tan \frac{B}{2} = \frac{1}{2} and tan B = 4 3 \tan B = \frac{4}{3} Giving OA1 = 4 = Semi Minor axis

C a s e 2 : C = 90 \underline{Case 2} : C = 90

This makes tan C 2 = 1 \tan \frac{C}{2} = 1 giving tan B 2 = 1 4 \tan \frac{B}{2} = \frac{1}{4} and tan B = 8 15 \tan B = \frac{8}{15} Giving O A 2 = 48 15 OA2 = \frac{48}{15}

Substitute point A 2 = ( 3.3.2 ) A2 = (3. 3.2) and b = 4 in x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 = 1 \frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1 gives a = 5

hence a.b = 4 x 5 = 20

Finally, an observation. BOA1 is a 3-4-5 right triangle Giving BA1 = 5 = Semi major axis. Hence B and C must be the foci too!

B and C are the vertices not focii

Sanchayan Dutta - 5 years, 9 months ago
Garvit Arora
Jun 13, 2015

Let Semi-Major axis be 'p' and Semi-Minor axis be 'q' . For the Triangle ABC, we are given the co-ordinates B (2,0) and C (8,0). It is also given that 4 t a n B 2 t a n C 2 = 1 \ 4tan \dfrac{B}{2} tan\dfrac{C}{2} = 1 --eqn (1)

First Lets use equation (1) using the half angle property of Triangles. We know that tan B 2 = ( s a ) ( s c ) s ( s b ) \tan\dfrac{B}{2} = \sqrt{\dfrac{(s-a)(s-c)}{s(s-b)}} --eqn(2)
tan C 2 = ( s a ) ( s b ) s ( s c ) \tan\dfrac{C}{2} = \sqrt{\dfrac{(s-a)(s-b)}{s(s-c)}} --eqn(3)

Where 's' is the semi-perimeter of trangle ie. a + b + c 2 \dfrac{a+b+c}{2} side BC = a = 6 (Given)

         AB = c

         AC = b

Now, Multiplying equations (2) and (3) we get,

( s a ) s \dfrac{(s-a)}{s}

Therefore, 4 t a n B 2 t a n C 2 = 4 ( s a ) s = 1 \ 4tan \dfrac{B}{2} tan\dfrac{C}{2} =4 \dfrac{(s-a)}{s} = 1 Now substituting the value of s we get 4 ( b + c a ) ( a + b + c ) = 1 4 \dfrac{(b+c-a)}{(a+b+c)} = 1

Implies 5 a = 3 b + 3 c 5a = 3b + 3c

substituting value of 'a' = 6 we get, 10 = b + c 10 = b + c

Since BC is fixed, B and C are the focus of the ellipse. Therefore, B C = 2 ( p ) ( e ) BC = 2(p)(e) Let center of BC be 'O' . If b = c b = c , AO is the semi minor axis. So then b=c=5.

BO = 3 and AB = 5 (AOB is right angled at O) Hence, AO = 4. Implies q = 4

Since ( p ) ( e ) = 3 (p)(e) = 3 , and Q = 4,
e 2 = 1 q 2 p 2 e^2 = 1 - \dfrac{q^2}{p^2}

p 2 e 2 = 9 p^2 e^2 = 9

p 2 q 2 = 9 p^2 - q^2 = 9

p 2 = 9 + 16 p^2 = 9 + 16

p = 5 p = 5

Finally, Since we require p q pq

p q = 20 pq = 20

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