Cos and Sin inside a Quadratic

Algebra Level pending

If Q ( x ) = x 2 p x + 0.2 p 2 Q(x)=x^2-px+0.2p^2 where p p and q q are reals and Q ( sin x + cos x ) Q(\sin{x}+\cos{x}) has all real roots, then determine the square of the length of the range of p p .


The answer is 32.

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1 solution

Yashas Ravi
Oct 15, 2019

The initial condition is that the y y -intercept is less than 0.25 p 2 0.25p^2 , and 0.2 p 2 < 0.25 p 2 0.2p^2<0.25p^2 for all values of p p . First, we can rewrite sin ( x ) + cos ( x ) = 2 sin ( x + 45 º ) \sin(x)+\cos(x) = \sqrt{2}*\sin{(x+45º)} using the R-Method. Let x + 45 º = d x+45º=d . If Q ( x ) = x 2 ( a + b ) x + ( a b ) = ( x a ) ( x b ) Q(x)=x^2-(a+b)x+(ab)=(x-a)(x-b) , then Q ( sin x + cos x ) Q(\sin{x}+\cos{x}) has roots a = 2 sin d a=\sqrt{2}\sin{d} and b = 2 sin d b=\sqrt{2}\sin{d} . Since sin d \sin{d} is maximum at 1 1 and minimum at 1 -1 , then the maximum value of p p is p = ( a + b ) = 2 2 p=(a+b)=2\sqrt{2} and the minimum value is p = ( a + b ) = 2 2 p=(a+b)=-2\sqrt{2} , so the range length is 4 2 4\sqrt{2} and ( 4 2 ) 2 = 32 (4\sqrt{2})^2=32 which is the final answer.

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