A five digit number divisible by 6 is to be formed by using five of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 without repetition.
Find the total number of ways in which this can be done.
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Good case analysis. Clearly separated and well presented.
Another approach is as follows .
Let N be the five digit number. For 6|N, the unit digit must be even.
So we have 0, 2, 4, 8 the four possibilities for unit digit.
The sum of all digits is
1
8
.
Since units are known EVEN digits, to form a five digit number
from six, that should be 3|N, we have to discard one of the digit.
In order to maintain 3|N we can discard only 0 or 3.
If 0 discarded, we have 4 spaces to fill 4 digits.
4
!
=
2
4
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
.
If 3 is discarded, we have 4! options, but 0 can not be at first place,
reducing options by 3! Available options are
4
!
−
3
!
=
1
8
.
With 0 at unit, only one option is available, to discard 3.
Options with 0 as unit are only
2
4
.
For each of 2, 4, 8 we have both options, of discarding 0 and 3.
So for theses three, options are
3
×
(
2
4
+
1
8
)
=
1
2
6
.
T
o
t
a
l
=
2
4
+
1
2
6
=
1
5
0
A number is divisible by 6 if this number is divisible by 2 and 3. For this reason, we get two case ,
case [1] = 1,2,3,4,8 ( because ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 8)%3=0 ) )
case[2] = 0,1,2,4,8 ( because (0 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 8)%3=0 ) )
Now , case[1] ,
5! - ( 4! * 2 ) = 72 [ 1 and 3 does not sit as last digit ]
So, solution of case[1] is = 72.
Again , case[2] ,
Total permutation = 5!
first position of number dose not allow 0 ,
So , 5! - 4! = 96
last position of number dose not allow 1 ,
So , 96 - 4! = 72
But , some number are common , where , 0 is first position and 1 is last position.
So , 72 + 3! = 78
Now , case[1] + case[2] = 72 + 78 = 150 .
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Case 1: { 0 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 } :
For first digit = { 2 , 4 , 8 } , as 1 cannot be the last digit, we first permute the remaining three digits without 1 then multiplied by 3 for the three positions 1 can assume. Therefore, N b = 3 × 3 ! × 3 = 5 4 .
Case 2: { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 8 } :
For first digit = { 1 , 3 } , the last digit cannot be 3 or 1 repectively. Therefore, N c = 2 × 3 ! × 3 = 3 6 .
Therefore, the total number of five-digit numbers meeting the condition is:
N = N a + N b + N c + N d = 1 5 0 .