Couldn't This Wait Till Next Year?

A kidnapper kidnaps 2015 people and takes them to his lair. He makes each of them sit on a round table and declares that he's going to leave everybody unharmed, but not before they play a game.

Each of the players is given a certain number of cards from 1 to 2015. No two players get the same number of cards. A move consists of a player giving a card to one of the two players adjacent to him. The game is over when each of the players has the same number of cards.

Find the last three digits of the minimum number of moves it will take for the game to be over.

Details and assumptions

  • Since the players don't want to stay in the bad guy's lair, they play optimally, so that they canave as soon as possible. The question asks for the minimum number of moves for which there exists a specific strategy which always ends the game.

  • Two moves cannot occur simultaneously.

  • The players can discuss a strategy before beginning.

  • Each player knows the number of cards any other players has.

  • The players are sitting beside a round table, so every player has exactly two players beside him.

  • This problem is not entirely original.


The answer is 240.

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1 solution

The answer is 1 2 + 2 2 + + 201 5 2 . 1^2 + 2^2 + \cdots + 2015^2. I don't have a complete solution to this problem yet; here's a construction which shows this is the minimum. This problem is taken from China TST 2013. Also, it is getting pretty late here so here's just an outline.


Label the persons 1 , 2 , , 2015. 1, 2, \cdots , 2015. Let C i C_i be the number of cards person i i has. After n n moves, consider n = i = 1 2015 C i i . \triangle _n= \displaystyle \sum_{i=1} ^{2015} C_i \cdot i. Suppose, person j j gives a card to person j + 1 j+1 on the ( n + 1 ) (n+1) th move, so n + 1 n = ( C j 1 ) j + ( C j + 1 + 1 ) ( j + 1 ) C j j C j + 1 ( j + 1 ) = 1 , \triangle _{n+1} - \triangle _n= (C_j-1) \cdot j + (C_{j+1} + 1) \cdot (j+1) -C_j \cdot j - C_{j+1} \cdot (j+1)=1, so n \triangle_n increases by 1. 1. If person j j gives a card to person j 1 , j-1, similarly we can show that n \triangle_n decreases by 1. 1. Note that when all persons have the same number of cards, for all j , j, C j = 1 + 2 + + 2015 2015 = 2016 2 , C_j= \dfrac{1 + 2 + \cdots + 2015}{2015} = \dfrac{2016}{2}, so = ( 1 + 2 + + 2015 ) 2016 2 = 2015 × 201 6 2 4 . \triangle= (1 + 2 + \cdots + 2015) \dfrac{2016}{2} = \dfrac{2015 \times 2016^2}{4}. Set a i = 2 i a_i= 2i and a i + 1007 = 2 ( 1007 i ) 2 1 a_{i+1007} = 2(1007-i)^2-1 for all i 1008. i \leq 1008. With this configuration we can easily verify that 0 = 2015 × 201 6 2 4 + ( 1 2 + 2 2 + + 201 5 2 ) . \triangle _0 = \dfrac{2015 \times 2016^2}{4} + (1^2 + 2^2 + \cdots + 2015^2). Since n \triangle_n decreases by at most 1 1 each move, it will take at least 1 2 + 2 2 + + 201 5 2 1^2 + 2^2 + \cdots + 2015^2 moves to reach there.


I'm still working on proving that this is indeed the minimum. Any help will be appreciated. Also, since I'm feeling pretty sleepy right now and my notebook isn't here with me, the construction for a i a_i might not be correct. If that is the case, I'll fix it soon.

Can you clarify if the sum should be up to 201 5 2 2015^2 or 201 4 2 2014^2 ? That will change the answer.

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years ago

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Sorry, fixed.

solution provided is wrong. Take an example where n = 3 and apply the formula. It should add up to 1^2 + 2^2 + .... + 1007^2

Ramesh Varma - 6 years, 11 months ago

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