How many five digit-integers have a digit sum of 25?
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If you have access to a computer algebra system or Wolfram Alpha you can work this out as the coefficient of x 2 5 in the expansion of ( x − 1 x 1 0 − 1 ) 4 ( x − 1 x 1 0 − 1 − 1 )
This is because we have five digits. The first digit must be an integer from 1 to 9 and the last 4 digits must be integers from 0 to 9. We can therefore represent the first digit using the generating function x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + x 6 + x 7 + x 8 + x 9 which simplifies to x − 1 x 1 0 − 1 − 1 .
Each of the other four digits can be represented as choosing a term from the function 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + x 6 + x 7 + x 8 + x 9 which can be simplified to x − 1 x 1 0 − 1 .
Therefore we get that the number of ways to make a digit sum of 25 is equal to the coefficient of x 2 5 in the expansion of ( x − 1 x 1 0 − 1 ) 4 ( x − 1 x 1 0 − 1 − 1 ) .