Consider the regular octagon centered at the origin as shown at right. Eight unit vectors are drawn from the center of the octagon to each of its vertices and labeled in the figure. For each pair of distinct unit vectors with , their cross product is computed.
What is the sum of all of these cross products?
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There are a total of ( 2 8 ) = 2 8 pairs of unit vectors where i < j : 12 pairs make an angle of 4 5 ∘ or 1 3 5 ∘ , 6 pairs make an angle of 9 0 ∘ , 4 pairs make an angle of 1 8 0 ∘ , 4 pairs make an angle of 2 2 5 ∘ or 3 1 5 ∘ , and finally only 2 pairs make an angle of 2 7 0 ∘ .
The cross product of those vectors that form a 4 5 ∘ or 1 3 5 ∘ angle is ⟨ 0 , 0 , 2 2 ⟩ .
The cross product of those vectors that form a 9 0 ∘ angle is ⟨ 0 , 0 , 1 ⟩ .
The cross product of those vectors that form a 1 8 0 ∘ angle is ⟨ 0 , 0 , 0 ⟩ .
The cross product of those vectors that form a 2 2 5 ∘ or 3 1 5 ∘ angle is ⟨ 0 , 0 , − 2 2 ⟩ .
The cross product of those vectors that form a 2 7 0 ∘ angle is ⟨ 0 , 0 , − 1 ⟩ .
Adding all these cross products up gives:
1 2 ⟨ 0 , 0 , 2 2 ⟩ + 6 ⟨ 0 , 0 , 1 ⟩ + 4 ⟨ 0 , 0 , − 2 2 ⟩ + 2 ⟨ 0 , 0 , − 1 ⟩ = ⟨ 0 , 0 , 4 2 + 4 ⟩