Cross Products Around the Octagon

Geometry Level 3

Consider the regular octagon centered at the origin as shown at right. Eight unit vectors are drawn from the center of the octagon to each of its vertices and labeled in the figure. For each pair of distinct unit vectors u i , u j \vec{u}_i, \vec{u}_j with i < j i < j , their cross product is computed.

What is the sum of all of these cross products?

0 , 0 , 0 \langle 0, 0, 0\rangle 0 , 0 , 4 \langle 0, 0, 4\rangle 0 , 0 , 4 2 \big\langle 0, 0, 4\sqrt{2}\big\rangle 0 , 0 , 4 2 + 4 \big\langle 0, 0, 4\sqrt{2} + 4\big\rangle

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1 solution

Andrew Ellinor
Nov 19, 2015

There are a total of ( 8 2 ) 8\choose2 = 28 = 28 pairs of unit vectors where i < j i < j : 12 pairs make an angle of 4 5 45^\circ or 13 5 135^\circ , 6 pairs make an angle of 9 0 90^\circ , 4 pairs make an angle of 18 0 180^\circ , 4 pairs make an angle of 22 5 225^\circ or 31 5 315^\circ , and finally only 2 pairs make an angle of 27 0 270^\circ .

The cross product of those vectors that form a 4 5 45^\circ or 13 5 135^\circ angle is 0 , 0 , 2 2 \langle 0, 0, \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \rangle .
The cross product of those vectors that form a 9 0 90^\circ angle is 0 , 0 , 1 \langle 0, 0, 1\rangle .
The cross product of those vectors that form a 18 0 180^\circ angle is 0 , 0 , 0 \langle 0, 0, 0\rangle .
The cross product of those vectors that form a 22 5 225^\circ or 31 5 315^\circ angle is 0 , 0 , 2 2 \langle 0, 0, -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \rangle .
The cross product of those vectors that form a 27 0 270^\circ angle is 0 , 0 , 1 \langle 0, 0, -1\rangle .

Adding all these cross products up gives:

12 0 , 0 , 2 2 + 6 0 , 0 , 1 + 4 0 , 0 , 2 2 + 2 0 , 0 , 1 = 0 , 0 , 4 2 + 4 12 \langle 0, 0, \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \rangle + 6 \langle 0, 0, 1 \rangle + 4\langle 0, 0, -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \rangle + 2\langle 0, 0, -1 \rangle = \langle 0, 0, 4\sqrt{2} + 4\rangle

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