Cube Gravity

Consider a uniform solid cube of mass M M and side length S S . The center of the cube is located a distance S S away from a point particle of mass m m . A line segment from the cube's center to the particle is perpendicular to one of the cube's faces.

What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between them?

Details and Assumptions:
1) M = m = 1 M = m = 1
2) S = 2 S = 2
3) Universal gravitational constant G = 1 G = 1


The answer is 0.2355.

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1 solution

Karan Chatrath
Nov 11, 2020

With the cube centered at the origin and the point mass located at r c = ( 2 , 0 , 0 ) \vec{r}_c=(2,0,0) , consider any general volume element d V = d x d y d z dV = dx \ dy \ dz around the point r p = ( x , y , z ) \vec{r}_p=(x,y,z) within the cube. Applying Newton's gravitational law between the elementary mass and the point mass gives:

d F = G ( M d V S 3 ) m ( r p r c r p r c 3 ) d\vec{F} = G\left(\frac{M \ dV}{S^3}\right)m\left( \frac{\vec{r}_p - \vec{r}_c}{\lvert \vec{r}_p - \vec{r}_c\rvert^3}\right)

Due to symmetry of the problem, we are only interested in the X component of the force which is (after simplifications):

d F x = d F i ^ F x = V d F x F x = 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( x 2 ) d x d y d z 8 ( ( x 2 ) 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 3 / 2 0.235749 dF_x = d\vec{F} \cdot \hat{i} \implies F_x = \int_{V} dFx \implies F_x= \int_{-1}^{1} \int_{-1}^{1} \int_{-1}^{1} \frac{(x-2) \ dx \ dy \ dz}{8((x-2)^2 + y^2 + z^2)^{3/2}} \approx -0.235749

Comparing this result with that of a uniform sphere suggests that the cube (just like a disk, as in the previous problem) cannot be treated as a point mass like the sphere can be, in such situations.

@Steven Chase How are you?

Talulah Riley - 7 months ago

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I'm doing fine. How about you?

Steven Chase - 7 months ago

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@Steven Chase i am super fine. On a road to become millionaire. :)

Talulah Riley - 7 months ago

@Karan Chatrath How are you?

Talulah Riley - 7 months ago

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Doing well, thank you.

Karan Chatrath - 7 months ago

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