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Algebra Level 3

45 + 29 2 3 + 45 29 2 3 = ? \large \sqrt[3]{45+29\sqrt2} + \sqrt[3]{45-29\sqrt2} = \ ?

Give your answer to 3 decimal places.


The answer is 6.

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3 solutions

Ikkyu San
Sep 26, 2015

Let A = 45 + 29 2 3 \color{#D61F06}{A=\sqrt[3]{45+29\sqrt2}} , B = 45 29 2 3 \color{#3D99F6}{B=\sqrt[3]{45-29\sqrt2}} and S = A + B = 45 + 29 2 3 + 45 29 2 3 \color{#20A900}S=\color{#D61F06}A+\color{#3D99F6}B=\color{#D61F06}{\sqrt[3]{45+29\sqrt2}}+\color{#3D99F6}{\sqrt[3]{45-29\sqrt2}}

Now,

S 3 = ( A + B ) 3 = A 3 + 3 A 2 B + 3 A B 2 + B 3 = A 3 + B 3 + 3 A B ( A + B ) = A 3 + B 3 + 3 A B S ( ) \begin{aligned}\color{#20A900}S^3=&\ (A+B)^3\\=&\ A^3+3A^2B+3AB^2+B^3\\=&\ A^3+B^3+3AB(\color{#D61F06}A+\color{#3D99F6}B)\\=&\ \color{#302B94}{A^3+B^3}+\color{magenta}{3AB}\color{#20A900}S\Rightarrow(*)\end{aligned}

Thus,

A 3 + B 3 = ( 45 + 29 2 3 ) 3 + ( 45 29 2 3 ) 3 = 45 + 29 2 + 45 29 2 = 90 \begin{aligned}\color{#302B94}{A^3+B^3}=&\ \left(\color{#D61F06}{\sqrt[3]{45+29\sqrt2}}\right)^3+\left(\color{#3D99F6}{\sqrt[3]{45-29\sqrt2}}\right)^3\\=&\ 45+29\sqrt2+45-29\sqrt2\\=&\ \color{#302B94}{90}\end{aligned}

3 A B = 3 ( 45 + 29 2 3 ) ( 45 29 2 3 ) = 3 ( 45 + 29 2 ) ( 45 29 2 ) 3 = 3 2025 1682 3 = 3 343 3 = 3 ( 7 ) = 21 \begin{aligned}\color{magenta}{3AB}=&\ 3\left(\color{#D61F06}{\sqrt[3]{45+29\sqrt2}}\right)\left(\color{#3D99F6}{\sqrt[3]{45-29\sqrt2}}\right)\\=&\ 3\sqrt[3]{(45+29\sqrt2)(45-29\sqrt2)}\\=&\ 3\sqrt[3]{2025-1682}\\=&\ 3\sqrt[3]{343}\\=&\ 3(7)\\=&\ \color{magenta}{21}\end{aligned}

Instead A 3 + B 3 \color{#302B94}{A^3+B^3} with 90 \color{#302B94}{90} and 3 A B \color{magenta}{3AB} with 21 \color{magenta}{21} in equation ( ) (*)

S 3 = 90 + 21 S S 3 21 S 90 = 0 ( S 6 ) ( S 2 + 6 S + 15 ) = 0 S = 6 \begin{aligned}\color{#20A900}S^3=&\ \color{#302B94}{90}+\color{magenta}{21}\color{#20A900}S\\\color{#20A900}S^3-21\color{#20A900}S-90=&\ 0\\(\color{#20A900}S-6)(\color{#20A900}S^2+6\color{#20A900}S+15)=&\ 0\\\color{#20A900}{S=}&\ \color{#20A900}6\end{aligned}

From equation

S 2 + 6 S + 15 = 0 Δ = 6 2 4 ( 1 ) ( 15 ) = 24 \begin{aligned}\color{#20A900}S^2+6\color{#20A900}S+15=&\ 0\\\Delta=&\ 6^2-4(1)(15)=-24\end{aligned}

Δ < 0 \Delta<0 . Thus, this equation has no real solution.

Hence, 45 + 29 2 3 + 45 29 2 3 = 6 \sqrt[3]{45+29\sqrt2}+\sqrt[3]{45-29\sqrt2}=\boxed6

Chew-Seong Cheong
Sep 26, 2015

Assume that 45 ± 29 2 45 \pm 29\sqrt{2} takes the form of ( a ± 2 ) 3 (a \pm \sqrt{2})^3 , then we have:

( a ± 2 ) 3 = a 3 ± ( 3 a 2 ) 2 + 6 a ± 2 2 = 45 ± 29 2 Equating multiples of 2 on both sides 3 a 2 + 2 = 29 a = 3 Checking the other number a 3 + 6 a = 27 + 18 = 45 Correct! \begin{aligned} (a \pm \sqrt{2})^3 & = \color{#D61F06}{a^3} \pm \color{#3D99F6}{(3a^2)}\sqrt{2} + \color{#D61F06}{6a} \pm \color{#3D99F6}{2}\sqrt{2} \\ & = \color{#D61F06}{45} \pm \color{#3D99F6}{29} \sqrt{2} \quad \quad \quad \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Equating multiples of }\sqrt{2} \text{ on both sides}} \\ \Rightarrow \color{#3D99F6}{3a^2 + 2} & = \color{#3D99F6}{29} \\ \Rightarrow a & = 3 \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Checking the other number}} \\ \color{#D61F06}{a^3 + 6a} & = 27+18 = \color{#D61F06}{45} \quad \quad \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Correct!}} \end{aligned}

Therefore,

49 + 29 2 3 + 49 29 2 3 = ( 3 + 2 ) 3 3 + ( 3 2 ) 3 3 = 3 + 2 + 3 2 = 6 \begin{aligned} \sqrt[3]{49+29\sqrt{2}} + \sqrt[3]{49-29\sqrt{2}} & = \sqrt[3]{(3+\sqrt{2})^3} + \sqrt[3]{(3-\sqrt{2})^3} \\ & = 3+\sqrt{2} + 3-\sqrt{2} \\ &= \boxed{6} \end{aligned}

Jun Arro Estrella
Sep 26, 2015

Let x=a+b Raise both sides to 3 we get (x)³ = (a+b)³ ---> x³=a³+b³+3ab(a+b) ----> x³=90+3(7)(x) Solve for x we get x=6

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