Let be a 5th degree polynomial in with real coefficients & leading coefficient unity such that , , and . Then find the value of .
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We observe that f ( 1 ) = 1 , f ( 2 ) = 8 and f ( 3 ) = 2 7 , that is f ( n ) = n 3 for n ∈ { 1 , 2 , 3 } . So, let us define another 5 t h degree polynomial g ( x ) such that g ( x ) = f ( x ) − x 3 .
Then, x = 1 , 2 , 3 are 3 roots of the equation g ( x ) = 0 . Since f ( x ) is a 5 t h degree polynomial in x with real coefficients & leading coefficient unity, g ( x ) will also be a 5 t h degree polynomial in x with real coefficients & leading coefficient unity, and we can rewrite g(x) as
g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x 2 + a x + b ) where a , b ∈ R
⇒ f ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x 2 + a x + b ) + x 3
Now, it is also given that f ( 0 ) = − 6 b = − 6 ⇒ b = 1
Therefore, f ( 4 ) − f ( − 1 )
= [ 3 × 2 × 1 × ( 1 6 + 4 a + 1 ) + 6 4 ]
− [ ( − 2 ) × ( − 3 ) × ( − 4 ) × ( 1 − a + 1 ) + ( − 1 ) ]
= 6 ( 1 7 + 4 a ) + 6 4 + 2 4 ( 2 − a ) + 1
= 1 0 2 + 2 4 a + 6 4 + 4 8 − 2 4 a + 1 = 2 1 5