Cubes from the Fifth Degree?

Algebra Level 4

Let f ( x ) f(x) be a 5th degree polynomial in x x with real coefficients & leading coefficient unity such that f ( 0 ) = 6 f(0)=-6 , f ( 1 ) = 1 f(1)=1 , f ( 2 ) = 8 f(2)=8 and f ( 3 ) = 27 f(3)=27 . Then find the value of f ( 4 ) f ( 1 ) f(4)-f(-1) .


The answer is 215.

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1 solution

Utsav Banerjee
Apr 18, 2015

We observe that f ( 1 ) = 1 f(1)=1 , f ( 2 ) = 8 f(2)=8 and f ( 3 ) = 27 f(3)=27 , that is f ( n ) = n 3 f(n)=n^3 for n { 1 , 2 , 3 } n\in\{1,2,3\} . So, let us define another 5 t h 5^{th} degree polynomial g ( x ) g(x) such that g ( x ) = f ( x ) x 3 g(x)=f(x)-x^{3} .

Then, x = 1 , 2 , 3 x=1,2,3 are 3 roots of the equation g ( x ) = 0 g(x)=0 . Since f ( x ) f(x) is a 5 t h 5^{th} degree polynomial in x x with real coefficients & leading coefficient unity, g ( x ) g(x) will also be a 5 t h 5^{th} degree polynomial in x x with real coefficients & leading coefficient unity, and we can rewrite g(x) as

g ( x ) = ( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 3 ) ( x 2 + a x + b ) g(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x^2+ax+b) where a , b R a,b \in R

f ( x ) = ( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 3 ) ( x 2 + a x + b ) + x 3 \Rightarrow f(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x^2+ax+b)+x^3

Now, it is also given that f ( 0 ) = 6 b = 6 b = 1 f(0)=-6b=-6 \Rightarrow b=1

Therefore, f ( 4 ) f ( 1 ) f(4)-f(-1)

= [ 3 × 2 × 1 × ( 16 + 4 a + 1 ) + 64 ] =[3 \times 2 \times 1 \times (16+4a+1)+64]

[ ( 2 ) × ( 3 ) × ( 4 ) × ( 1 a + 1 ) + ( 1 ) ] \;\;\;-[(-2) \times (-3) \times (-4) \times (1-a+1)+(-1)]

= 6 ( 17 + 4 a ) + 64 + 24 ( 2 a ) + 1 =6(17+4a)+64+24(2-a)+1

= 102 + 24 a + 64 + 48 24 a + 1 = 215 =102+24a+64+48-24a+1=215

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