Cubic Intersections!

Calculus Level 3

{ y = 2 x 3 4 x + 2 y = x 3 + 2 x 1 \large \begin{cases} y = 2x^3-4x+2 \\ y = x^3+2x - 1 \end{cases}

The graphs of the two equations above intersect and exactly three distinct points. What is the slope of the line passing through two of such points?

8 4 None of the others 2

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Jul 31, 2018

Given { y = 2 x 3 4 x + 2 . . . ( 1 ) y = x 3 + 2 x 1 . . . ( 2 ) \begin{cases} y = 2x^3-4x+2 & ...(1) \\ y = x^3+2x-1 & ...(2) \end{cases} . The three points of intersection satisfy ( 1 ) ( 2 ) : x 3 6 x + 3 = 0 (1)-(2): x^3 - 6x + 3=0 . At the point of intersect y y is given by:

( 1 ) : y = 2 x 3 4 x + 2 = 2 ( x 3 6 x + 3 ) + 8 x 4 At points of intersection: x 3 6 x + 3 = 0 y = 8 x 4 \begin{aligned} (1): \quad y & = 2x^3-4x+2 \\ & = 2({\color{#3D99F6}x^3-6x+3}) + 8x - 4 & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{At points of intersection: }x^3-6x+3=0 \\ \implies y & = 8x-4 \end{aligned}

Similarly,

( 2 ) : y = x 3 + 2 x 1 = x 3 6 x + 3 + 8 x 4 At points of intersection: x 3 6 x + 3 = 0 y = 8 x 4 \begin{aligned} (2): \quad y & = x^3+2x-1 \\ & = {\color{#3D99F6}x^3-6x+3} + 8x - 4 & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{At points of intersection: }x^3-6x+3=0 \\ \implies y & = 8x-4 \end{aligned}

Therefore, the three points of intersection are on a straight line y = 8 x 4 y = 8x-4 and the gradient of the line is 8 \boxed 8 .

Jeremy Galvagni
Jul 27, 2018

Finding the approximate points of intersection, it's easy to guess the line passing through all three points of intersection is y = 8 x 4 y=8x-4 , but why?

If you set the two equations equal to each other you get 2 x 3 4 x + 2 = x 3 + 2 x 1 2x^{3}-4x+2=x^3+2x-1 which simplifies to x 3 6 x + 3 = 0 x^{3}-6x+3=0 which has the same solutions for x x , but the problem is their closed form is the crazy cubic type. Yuck.

Ok, how about we try to make use of the probable line y = 8 x 4 y=8x-4 but subtracting it from the original two equations?

The first becomes y = 2 x 3 12 x + 6 y=2x^{3}-12x+6 which is just double the above, so it has those same crazy zeros.

The second becomes y = x 3 6 x + 3 y=x^{3}-6x+3 which is the same thing. Same crazy zeros.

So everything works out nicely with that slope of 8 \boxed{8}

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