⎩ ⎨ ⎧ y = 2 x 3 − 4 x + 2 y = x 3 + 2 x − 1
The graphs of the two equations above intersect and exactly three distinct points. What is the slope of the line passing through two of such points?
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Finding the approximate points of intersection, it's easy to guess the line passing through all three points of intersection is y = 8 x − 4 , but why?
If you set the two equations equal to each other you get 2 x 3 − 4 x + 2 = x 3 + 2 x − 1 which simplifies to x 3 − 6 x + 3 = 0 which has the same solutions for x , but the problem is their closed form is the crazy cubic type. Yuck.
Ok, how about we try to make use of the probable line y = 8 x − 4 but subtracting it from the original two equations?
The first becomes y = 2 x 3 − 1 2 x + 6 which is just double the above, so it has those same crazy zeros.
The second becomes y = x 3 − 6 x + 3 which is the same thing. Same crazy zeros.
So everything works out nicely with that slope of 8
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Given { y = 2 x 3 − 4 x + 2 y = x 3 + 2 x − 1 . . . ( 1 ) . . . ( 2 ) . The three points of intersection satisfy ( 1 ) − ( 2 ) : x 3 − 6 x + 3 = 0 . At the point of intersect y is given by:
( 1 ) : y ⟹ y = 2 x 3 − 4 x + 2 = 2 ( x 3 − 6 x + 3 ) + 8 x − 4 = 8 x − 4 At points of intersection: x 3 − 6 x + 3 = 0
Similarly,
( 2 ) : y ⟹ y = x 3 + 2 x − 1 = x 3 − 6 x + 3 + 8 x − 4 = 8 x − 4 At points of intersection: x 3 − 6 x + 3 = 0
Therefore, the three points of intersection are on a straight line y = 8 x − 4 and the gradient of the line is 8 .