Cubic polynomials give third degree burns to my brain

Calculus Level 4

Let f ( x ) \displaystyle f(x) be a polynomial of degree 3 \displaystyle 3 , satisfying f ( 3 ) = 5 \displaystyle f(3) = 5 and f ( 1 ) = 9 \displaystyle f(-1) = 9 .

f ( x ) \displaystyle f(x) has a minimum at x = 0 \displaystyle x=0 and f ( x ) \displaystyle f'(x) has a maximum at x = 1 \displaystyle x=1 .

Find the distance between the local maximum and local minimum of f ( x ) \displaystyle f(x) .


The answer is 4.4721.

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2 solutions

Sudeep Salgia
May 12, 2014

It is given that f ( x ) f(x) is a polynomial of degree three. Hence, the degree of f ( x ) f'(x) and f ( x ) f''(x) will be 2 and 1 2 \text{ and } 1 respectively. Given that f ( x ) f'(x) has a maximum at x = 1 x=1 implying f ( 1 ) = 0 f''(1)=0 and as f ( x ) f''(x) is linear, therefore
f ( x ) = k ( x 1 ) \Rightarrow f''(x) = k(x-1) , where k k is some constant. Integrating, we get,
f ( x ) = k × ( x 2 2 x ) + C \displaystyle \Rightarrow f'(x) = k \times (\frac{x^2}{2} - x) + C , where C C is the constant of integration. To evaluate C C , we can use the information that f ( x ) f(x) has a minimum at x = 0 x=0 implying f ( 0 ) = 0 f'(0) = 0 . Since, f ( 0 ) = k ( 0 ) + C = C f'(0) = k(0) + C = C , therefore, C = 0 C=0 .
Also, clearly f ( x ) = 0 f'(x) = 0 for, x = 0 , x = 2 x=0, x=2 . Hence f ( x ) f(x) has extremums at these two values.
Integrating f ( x ) f'(x) , we get,
f ( x ) = k × ( x 3 6 x 2 2 ) + C 1 \displaystyle f(x) = k \times ( \frac{x^3}{6} - \frac{x^2}{2} ) + C_{1} , where C 1 C_{1} is constant of integration. Using the given values of f ( 3 ) and f ( 1 ) f(3) \text{ and } f(-1) , we can get the values of k and C 1 k \text{ and } C_{1} .
Hence, f ( x ) = x 3 + 3 x 2 + 5 f(x) = -x^3 + 3x^2 + 5 . It has a local minimum at x = 0 x=0 and a local maximum at x = 2 x=2 .


f ( 0 ) = 5 and f ( 2 ) = 9 \displaystyle \Rightarrow f(0) = 5 \text{and} f(2) = 9 . Thus the required distance is the distance between the points ( 0 , 5 ) and ( 2 , 9 ) (0,5) \text{and} (2,9) which equals 2 5 = 4.4721 2\sqrt{5} = 4.4721

Nice. I solved it by assuming a cubic polynomial at the beginning, and then solving for its coefficients using the given conditions.

Anish Puthuraya - 7 years, 1 month ago

Oh god, i forgot that 20^(1/2) is 2x 5^(1/2)

Faiz Lubis - 7 years, 1 month ago
Kanthi Deep
May 11, 2014

By using given conditions we get the function f(x)= -x^3+3x^2+5 For this local min and local max obtained at (0,5) and (2,9) distance between these two points is √20=4.4721

You should mention that the answer should be to three decimal places.i got root 20,but was unable to conclude.

Soham Mukherjee - 6 years, 10 months ago

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