Let be a polynomial of degree , satisfying and .
has a minimum at and has a maximum at .
Find the distance between the local maximum and local minimum of .
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It is given that f ( x ) is a polynomial of degree three. Hence, the degree of f ′ ( x ) and f ′ ′ ( x ) will be 2 and 1 respectively. Given that f ′ ( x ) has a maximum at x = 1 implying f ′ ′ ( 1 ) = 0 and as f ′ ′ ( x ) is linear, therefore
⇒ f ′ ′ ( x ) = k ( x − 1 ) , where k is some constant. Integrating, we get,
⇒ f ′ ( x ) = k × ( 2 x 2 − x ) + C , where C is the constant of integration. To evaluate C , we can use the information that f ( x ) has a minimum at x = 0 implying f ′ ( 0 ) = 0 . Since, f ′ ( 0 ) = k ( 0 ) + C = C , therefore, C = 0 .
Also, clearly f ′ ( x ) = 0 for, x = 0 , x = 2 . Hence f ( x ) has extremums at these two values.
Integrating f ′ ( x ) , we get,
f ( x ) = k × ( 6 x 3 − 2 x 2 ) + C 1 , where C 1 is constant of integration. Using the given values of f ( 3 ) and f ( − 1 ) , we can get the values of k and C 1 .
Hence, f ( x ) = − x 3 + 3 x 2 + 5 . It has a local minimum at x = 0 and a local maximum at x = 2 .
⇒ f ( 0 ) = 5 and f ( 2 ) = 9 . Thus the required distance is the distance between the points ( 0 , 5 ) and ( 2 , 9 ) which equals 2 5 = 4 . 4 7 2 1