Curve formed using straight lines

Calculus Level 4

In the diagram shown here, an art piece is produced by drawing lines joining points ( k n , 0 ) \left(\frac{k}{n},0\right) on the horizontal axis to points ( 0 , n k n ) \left(0,\frac{n-k}{n}\right) on the vertical axis, where k = 0 , 1 , 2 , , n k=0,1,2,\ldots,n . This process produces a red curve as shown in the diagram.

This beautiful red curve is part of a well-known geometric curve. What is this curve?

ellipse (non-circle) parabola hyperbola circle

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1 solution

David Vreken
Feb 17, 2021

Each blue line has an equation of y = n k n k n x + n k n y = \cfrac{-\frac{n - k}{n}}{\frac{k}{n}}x + \cfrac{n - k}{n} or y = x n x k + 1 k n y = x - \cfrac{nx}{k} + 1 - \cfrac{k}{n} .

The red curve is made up of maximum heights of all the blue lines at a given x x -coordinate, so d y d k = n x k 2 1 n = 0 \cfrac{dy}{dk} = \cfrac{nx}{k^2} - \cfrac{1}{n} = 0 , which solves to k = ± n x k = \pm n \sqrt{x} .

Substituting k = ± n x k = \pm n \sqrt{x} into y = x n x k + 1 k n y = x - \cfrac{nx}{k} + 1 - \cfrac{k}{n} and rearranging gives x 2 2 x y + y 2 2 x 2 y + 1 = 0 x^2 - 2xy + y^2 - 2x - 2y + 1 = 0 .

This conic has a discriminant of ( 2 ) 2 4 1 1 = 0 (-2)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 = 0 , which means the red curve is a parabola .

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