Cutting tangents

Calculus Level 3

Let C be the curve y = x 3 y=x^{3} (where x takes all real values).The tangent at A except (0,0) meets the curve again at B.If the gradient at B is k times the gradient at A,then k is equal to

4 -2 2 1 1 4 \frac{1}{4} -1

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1 solution

Tom Engelsman
Apr 24, 2020

Let A ( x 0 , x 0 3 ) A(x_{0}, x_{0}^{3}) for x 0 > 0 x_{0} > 0 with the tangent line y x 0 3 = ( 3 x 0 2 ) ( x x 0 ) y = ( 3 x 0 2 ) x 2 x 0 3 . y - x_{0}^{3} = (3x_{0}^{2})(x-x_{0}) \Rightarrow y = (3x_{0}^{2})x - 2x_{0}^{3}. If this tangent line is to insect the curve again at point B, then let B ( k x 0 , k 3 x 0 3 ) B(-kx_{0}, -k^{3}x_{0}^{3}) for k > 0 k > 0 and substitute it into the tangent line:

k 3 x 0 3 = ( 3 x 0 2 ) ( k x 0 ) 2 x 0 3 0 = k 3 3 k 2 = ( k 2 ) ( k + 1 ) 2 k = 1 , 2. -k^3x_{0}^{3} = (3x_{0}^{2})(-kx_{0}) - 2x_{0}^{3} \Rightarrow 0 = k^3 -3k - 2 = (k-2)(k+1)^2 \Rightarrow k = -1, 2.

After discarding the negative root, the gradient at point B computes to:

d y d x x = 2 x 0 = 3 ( 2 x 0 ) 2 = 12 x 0 2 \frac{dy}{dx}|_{x = -2x_{0}} = 3(-2x_{0})^{2} = \boxed{12x_{0}^{2}}

which is 4x the gradient at point A.

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