Cutting the sides

Geometry Level 4

An equilateral triangle A B C ABC of side 2 cm is inscribed in a circle. A chord of this circle passes through the midpoint of A B AB and A C AC . Find the length of the chord. If the answer is a decimal, give it to three places after decimal.


The answer is 2.236.

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1 solution

Let the circle be centred at O = ( 0 , 0 ) O=(0,0) . We also know that the circle has radius r = 2 3 r=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}} . Thus, the equation of the circle is x 2 + y 2 = 4 3 x^2+y^2=\frac{4}{3} Now, we can construct points A ( 0 , 2 3 ) , B ( 1 , 1 3 ) , C ( 1 , 1 3 ) A(0,\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}),B(-1,-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}),C(1,-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}) Let E , F E,F be the midpoint of A B , A C AB,AC respectively. Then, using the midpoint theorem, we find that E = ( 1 2 , 1 2 3 ) , F = ( 1 2 , 1 2 3 ) E=(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}),F=(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}) The equation of E F EF is thus y = 1 2 3 y=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}} . Putting it back into the equation of the circle, we have x 2 + 1 12 = 4 2 x 2 = 5 4 x = 5 2 x^2+\frac{1}{12}=\frac{4}{2}\\x^2=\frac{5}{4}\\x=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2} The length of the chord is 2 x = 5 = 2.236 2x=\sqrt{5}=2.236

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