Deceptively Complex

Geometry Level 5

In an Argand diagram, O O is the origin and P P is the point 2 + 0 i 2+0i . The points Q , R Q, R and S S are such that the length of O P , P Q , Q R OP, PQ, QR and R S RS are equal, and that O P Q = P Q R = Q R S = 5 π 6 \angle OPQ = \angle PQR = \angle QRS = \frac{5\pi}{6} . Note that the points O , P , Q , R , S O,P,Q,R,S are 5 5 vertices of a regular 12 12 -sided polygon lying on the upper half of the Argand diagram.

The point C C is the circumcenter of triangle O P Q OPQ . If the polygon is rotated anticlockwise about O O until C C first lies on the real axis, the new position of S S can be written as

( A B ( C + D ) , E F + G H i ) ( \large -\frac{A}{B}(\sqrt{C}+\sqrt{D}), \frac{E\sqrt{F}+\sqrt{G}}{H}i) ,

where A , B , C , D , E , F , G , H A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H are not necessarily distinct positive integers with C , D , F , G C,D,F,G squarefree.

Find A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H .


This problem comes from STEP (Sixth Term Examinations Paper) year 2001.


The answer is 26.

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1 solution

Zk Lin
Feb 7, 2016

It is easy to verify the coordinates Q ( 2 + 3 , 1 ) Q(2+\sqrt{3}, 1) , R ( 2 + 3 , 1 + 3 ) R(2+\sqrt{3}, 1+\sqrt{3}) and S ( 3 + 3 , 3 + 3 ) S(3+\sqrt{3}, 3+\sqrt{3}) .

Next, we find O S |OS| . The readers are invited to verify that O S = ( 2 ) ( 3 + 3 ) 2 = 18 + 6 |OS|=\sqrt{(2){(3+\sqrt{3})}^{2}}=\sqrt{18}+\sqrt{6} .

Since triangle O P Q OPQ is isosceles, the perpendicular bisector through P P bisects the O P Q \angle OPQ as well. Since O O and P P lie on the circle, C O = C P |CO|=|CP| and so C P O = C O P = 7 5 \angle CPO = \angle COP = 75 ^ \circ .

Therefore, for point C C to touch the real axis, the whole polygon rotates by 10 5 105 ^ \circ about point O O .

Note that the ray O S \overline{OS} makes an angle of 4 5 45 ^ \circ with the positive real axis. Upon a rotation of 10 5 105 ^ \circ about O O , the ray O S \overline{OS} now makes a degree of 3 0 30 ^ \circ with the negative real axis.

It remains for us to evaluate the new position of S S , but this is simple. It is just

( ( 6 + 18 ) cos 3 0 , ( 6 + 18 ) sin 3 0 ) (-(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{18})\cos 30 ^ \circ, (\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{18})\sin 30 ^ \circ) , which simplifies to

( 3 2 ( 6 + 2 ) , 3 2 + 6 2 i ) (-\frac{3}{2}(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}), \frac{3\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}}{2} i) ,

from which the answer 3 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 6 + 2 = 26 3+2+6+2+3+2+6+2=\boxed{26} follows.

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