In an Argand diagram, is the origin and is the point . The points and are such that the length of and are equal, and that . Note that the points are vertices of a regular -sided polygon lying on the upper half of the Argand diagram.
The point is the circumcenter of triangle . If the polygon is rotated anticlockwise about until first lies on the real axis, the new position of can be written as
,
where are not necessarily distinct positive integers with squarefree.
Find .
This problem comes from STEP (Sixth Term Examinations Paper) year 2001.
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It is easy to verify the coordinates Q ( 2 + 3 , 1 ) , R ( 2 + 3 , 1 + 3 ) and S ( 3 + 3 , 3 + 3 ) .
Next, we find ∣ O S ∣ . The readers are invited to verify that ∣ O S ∣ = ( 2 ) ( 3 + 3 ) 2 = 1 8 + 6 .
Since triangle O P Q is isosceles, the perpendicular bisector through P bisects the ∠ O P Q as well. Since O and P lie on the circle, ∣ C O ∣ = ∣ C P ∣ and so ∠ C P O = ∠ C O P = 7 5 ∘ .
Therefore, for point C to touch the real axis, the whole polygon rotates by 1 0 5 ∘ about point O .
Note that the ray O S makes an angle of 4 5 ∘ with the positive real axis. Upon a rotation of 1 0 5 ∘ about O , the ray O S now makes a degree of 3 0 ∘ with the negative real axis.
It remains for us to evaluate the new position of S , but this is simple. It is just
( − ( 6 + 1 8 ) cos 3 0 ∘ , ( 6 + 1 8 ) sin 3 0 ∘ ) , which simplifies to
( − 2 3 ( 6 + 2 ) , 2 3 2 + 6 i ) ,
from which the answer 3 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 6 + 2 = 2 6 follows.