Definitely Integrating

Calculus Level 3

Evaluate:

π 6 π 4 cos θ ( sin θ 1 ) 3 d θ \displaystyle \int _{ \frac { \pi }{ 6 } }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 4 } }{ \cos\theta (\sin\theta -1)^{ 3 }\quad d\theta }

Hint: Use the substitution u = sin θ u = \sin\theta .

Give to 3 decimal places.


The answer is -0.0138.

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1 solution

Richard John
Aug 4, 2015

As was hinted, let u = s i n ( θ ) u = sin(\theta) . Then, d u d θ = c o s ( θ ) \frac{du}{d\theta} = cos(\theta) and d ( θ ) = d u c o s ( θ ) d(\theta) = \frac{du}{cos(\theta)} .

Now, π 6 π 4 c o s θ ( u 1 ) 3 d u c o s ( θ ) \int _{ \frac { \pi }{ 6 } }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 4 } }{ cos\theta (u -1)^{ 3 }\quad \frac{du}{cos(\theta)} }

= π 6 π 4 ( u 1 ) 3 d u \int _{ \frac { \pi }{ 6 } }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 4 } }{ (u -1)^{ 3 }\quad du }

Applying the Power Rule x a d x = x a + 1 a + 1 , a 1 \int x^{a}dx=\frac{x^{a+1}}{a+1},\:\quad \:a\ne -1

Now [ ( u 1 ) 4 4 ] = [ ( s i n ( θ ) 1 ) 4 4 ] [\frac{\left(u-1\right)^4}{4}] = [\frac{\left(sin(\theta)-1\right)^4}{4}]

Definite Integration:

( s i n ( π 4 ) 1 ) 4 4 ( s i n ( π 6 ) 1 ) 4 4 \frac{\left(sin(\frac { \pi }{ 4} )-1\right)^4}{4}- \frac{\left(sin(\frac { \pi }{ 6 } )-1\right)^4}{4}

= ( ( 2 2 ) 1 ) 4 4 ( ( 0.5 ) 1 ) 4 4 = \frac{\left((\frac { \sqrt2}{2 }) -1\right)^4}{4}- \frac{\left((0.5)-1\right)^4}{4}

0.0138 \boxed{\approx -0.0138}

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