Delete the number!

Write down the positive integers in an increscent order. Then if a number can be expressed in an 2 x + 2 y + 2 z 2^x+2^y+2^z formula, where x , y x, y , and z z are distinct non-negativ integers, then color the number to red! Find the 100. 100. red number (from the left).

Hint: Use base 2.


The answer is 577.

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1 solution

Christopher Boo
Jul 15, 2017

Without loss of generosity, suppose x > y > z x>y>z . We are essentially sorting the tuple ( x , y , z ) (x,y,z) and find the 100-th number.

When x < 9 x<9 there are only ( 9 3 ) = 84 < 100 {9\choose 3} = 84<100 combinations of ( x , y , z ) (x,y,z) while x 9 x\leq 9 has ( 10 3 ) = 120 > 100 {10\choose 3}=120>100 combinations. Hence, x = 9 x=9 .

Next, we want to find the 100 84 = 16 100-84=16 -th tuple ( y , z ) (y,z) . When y < 6 y<6 , there are only ( 6 2 ) = 15 < 16 {6\choose 2}=15<16 combinations of ( y , z ) (y,z) while y 6 y\leq 6 has ( 7 2 ) = 21 > 16 {7\choose 2}=21>16 combinations. Hence, y = 6 y=6 .

Finally, z z is the 16 15 = 1 16-15=1 -st number, which is simply 0. So the answer is 2 9 + 2 6 + 2 0 = 577 2^9+2^6+2^0=577 .

I can write the generalised solution, but there are too many interesting problems from @Áron Bán-Szabó that are waiting for me to solve!

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