Descartes' Rule of Signs

Algebra Level 1

The function f ( x ) = x 4 + a x 3 + b x 2 + c x + d f(x)=x^4+ax^3+bx^2+cx+d has four positive roots. We are also given that ( b a ) ( a + b ) + ( d c ) ( c + d ) = 2 ( a c b d ) . (b-a)(a+b)+(d-c)(c+d)=2(ac-bd).

What is the value of ( a + b + c + d ) 2 ? (a+b+c+d)^2?


The answer is 0.

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1 solution

Mathh Mathh
Jul 18, 2014

After some re-arrangements, we have ( b a ) ( a + b ) + ( d c ) ( c + d ) = 2 ( a c b d ) \displaystyle (b-a)(a+b)+(d-c)(c+d)=2(ac-bd) ( b + d ) 2 = ( a + c ) 2 b + d = ± ( a + c ) \displaystyle \iff (b+d)^2=(a+c)^2\iff b+d=\pm(a+c)

Now notice that all the roots of f ( x ) = x 4 + a x 3 + b x 2 + c x + d f(x)=x^4+ax^3+bx^2+cx+d are positive. Hence, according to the Descartes' Rule of Signs , we have that a , c a,c are negative and b , d b,d are positive (since the leading coefficient is positive, and the signs have to alternate, we have that a a is negative, b b is positive, c c is negative and d d is positive).

This leads us to the conclusion that b + d = ( a + c ) a + b + c + d = 0 \displaystyle b+d=-(a+c)\iff a+b+c+d=0 ( a + b + c + d ) 2 = 0 \displaystyle\iff (a+b+c+d)^2=\boxed{0}

Complicated one but interesting

Dona Joseph - 2 years, 8 months ago

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