Let be the probability that after rolling fair -sided dice, one of each natural number through is shown.
Let .
Compute .
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P n = n n n !
From Stirling's formula:
n ! ∼ 2 π n ⋅ e n n n n n n ! ∼ 2 π n ⋅ e − n Y = n → ∞ lim ln ( n n n n ! ) + n = n → ∞ lim ln ( n 2 π n ⋅ e − n ) + n
= n → ∞ lim ln ( 2 π ) + ln ( e − n ) + n = n → ∞ lim 2 1 ln ( 2 π ) − n + n = 2 1 ln ( 2 π )
⌊ 2 1 ln ( 2 π ) × 1 0 9 ⌋ = 9 1 8 9 3 8 5 3 3