The product of r consecutive natural numbers is always divisible by ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
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Only if the numbers start with 1. The problem does not state this requirement. Could you explain how this solution is reached from any starting point?
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Since the question doesn't really mention anything, you must consider the whole set of natural numbers, which starts from 1.
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If we say three consecutive whole numbers, that does not mean the first three. Similarly, nor should we assume its the first r natural numbers. I proceeded by trying to find:
The product P = a ( a + 1 ) ( a + 2 ) ( a + 3 ) . . . ( a + r − 1 ) = i = 0 ∏ r − 1 ( a + i ) , where a ∈ N .
Because if a is even, a + 1 is odd, or if a is odd, a + 1 is even, we know that every other product is even. Thus, P is divisble by 2 raised to r / 2 rounded down.
2 ⌊ r / 2 ⌋ ∣ P .
But P also contains a product divisible by 4 every 4th term, which must be counted an extra time, and a product divisible by 8 every 8th term, which must be counted extra on top of that, and so on, for every power of 2 .
Thus, 2 ⌊ r / 2 ⌋ 2 ⌊ r / 4 ⌋ 2 ⌊ r / 8 ⌋ . . . ∣ P , or in other words, 2 ⌊ r / 2 ⌋ + ⌊ r / 4 ⌋ + ⌊ r / 8 ⌋ + . . . ∣ P .
If not for the floor marks ( ⌊ ⌋ ), we would be able to simply add up all of those fractional exponents, combining them into 2 r , but we cannot, because the floor function rounds down.
This is where I am stuck. We should have a solution a little less than 2 r , but I don't know how to proceed.
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The product of r consecutive natural numbers, starting from 1 is r! . Hence the answer.