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The product of r r consecutive natural numbers is always divisible by ..... ..... ..... ..... .....

2 r + 1 2^{r}+1 2 r ! 2^{r!} r r r^{r} 2 r 2 2^{r^{2}} r ! r! 2 r r 2^{r^{r}} 2 r 2^{r} 2 r 1 2^{r}-1

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1 solution

Utkarsh Singh
Apr 16, 2015

The product of r consecutive natural numbers, starting from 1 is r! . Hence the answer.

Only if the numbers start with 1. The problem does not state this requirement. Could you explain how this solution is reached from any starting point?

Akash Gaonkar - 6 years, 1 month ago

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Since the question doesn't really mention anything, you must consider the whole set of natural numbers, which starts from 1.

Utkarsh Singh - 6 years, 1 month ago

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If we say three consecutive whole numbers, that does not mean the first three. Similarly, nor should we assume its the first r r natural numbers. I proceeded by trying to find:

The product P = a ( a + 1 ) ( a + 2 ) ( a + 3 ) . . . ( a + r 1 ) = i = 0 r 1 ( a + i ) \displaystyle P = a(a+1)(a+2)(a+3)...(a+r-1) = \prod_{i=0}^{r-1}(a+i) , where a N . a \in \mathbb{N}.

Because if a a is even, a + 1 a + 1 is odd, or if a a is odd, a + 1 a+1 is even, we know that every other product is even. Thus, P P is divisble by 2 2 raised to r / 2 r/2 rounded down.

2 r / 2 P . 2^{\lfloor r/2 \rfloor} \mid P.

But P P also contains a product divisible by 4 4 every 4th term, which must be counted an extra time, and a product divisible by 8 8 every 8th term, which must be counted extra on top of that, and so on, for every power of 2 2 .

Thus, 2 r / 2 2 r / 4 2 r / 8 . . . P 2^{\lfloor r/2 \rfloor}2^{\lfloor r/4 \rfloor}2^{\lfloor r/8 \rfloor}... \mid P , or in other words, 2 r / 2 + r / 4 + r / 8 + . . . P 2^{\lfloor r/2 \rfloor+\lfloor r/4 \rfloor+\lfloor r/8 \rfloor+...} \mid P .

If not for the floor marks ( \lfloor\rfloor ), we would be able to simply add up all of those fractional exponents, combining them into 2 r 2^r , but we cannot, because the floor function rounds down.

This is where I am stuck. We should have a solution a little less than 2 r 2^r , but I don't know how to proceed.

Akash Gaonkar - 6 years, 1 month ago

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