Different 'times'?

What is the number of times the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock form a right angle with each other between 06:00 and 12:00 on the same day?

12 11 24 23

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2 solutions

Syed Hamza Khalid
Nov 20, 2018

The times the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock form a right angle with each other between 0600 0600 and 1200 1200 are approximately at 0617 , 0649 , 0722 , 0754 , 0828 , 0900 , 0933 , 1005 , 1038 , 1111 , 1149. 0617, 0649, 0722, 0754, 0828, 0900, 0933, 1005, 1038, 1111, 1149.

Note that this happens twice every hour, except between 0800 0800 and 1000 1000 when it happens only three times and not four times as expected.

This is because at 0900 0900 exactly the hands form a right angle. Thus between 0600 0600 and 1200 1200 it happens ( 6 × 2 ) 1 = 11 (6 × 2) - 1= \boxed{11} times.

Chew-Seong Cheong
Nov 23, 2018

Let the angular velocity of the hour-hand and minute-hand be ω h \omega_h and ω m / min \omega_m\ ^\circ/ \text{min} respectively. Then ω h = 30 60 = 0. 5 / min \omega_h = \frac {30}{60} = 0.5^\circ/\text{min} and ω m = 360 60 = 6 / min \omega_m = \frac {360}{60} = 6^\circ/\text{min} . Then the relative angular velocity, where the hour-hand is held stationary, is ω = ω m ω h = 5. 5 / min \omega = \omega_m - \omega_h = 5.5^\circ/\text{min} . Let time t = 0 min t=0\text{ min} at 06:00 then 12:00 is when t = 6 × 60 = 360 min t=6\times 60=360\text{ min} and the relative angle of the two hands, where hour-hand is fixed, be θ ( t ) = 5.5 t \theta(t)=5.5t^\circ and θ ( 0 ) = 0 \theta(0)=0^\circ . Then the two hands are perpendicular when θ ( t ) = \theta(t) = 9 0 , 27 0 , 45 0 = 90^\circ, 270^\circ, 450^\circ \cdots = 9 0 ( 2 n 1 ) 90^\circ(2n-1) , where n n is a positive integer. Then the number of times when the two hands are perpendicular is given by the largest n n that satisfies the following inequality.

90 ( 2 n 1 ) θ ( 360 ) = 5.5 × 360 = 1980 n 1980 90 + 1 2 = 11.5 n = 11 \begin{aligned} 90(2n-1) & \le \theta(360) = 5.5 \times 360 = 1980 \\ n & \le \frac {\frac {1980}{90}+1}2 = 11.5 \\ \implies n & = \boxed{11} \end{aligned}

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