What is the number of times the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock form a right angle with each other between 06:00 and 12:00 on the same day?
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Let the angular velocity of the hour-hand and minute-hand be ω h and ω m ∘ / min respectively. Then ω h = 6 0 3 0 = 0 . 5 ∘ / min and ω m = 6 0 3 6 0 = 6 ∘ / min . Then the relative angular velocity, where the hour-hand is held stationary, is ω = ω m − ω h = 5 . 5 ∘ / min . Let time t = 0 min at 06:00 then 12:00 is when t = 6 × 6 0 = 3 6 0 min and the relative angle of the two hands, where hour-hand is fixed, be θ ( t ) = 5 . 5 t ∘ and θ ( 0 ) = 0 ∘ . Then the two hands are perpendicular when θ ( t ) = 9 0 ∘ , 2 7 0 ∘ , 4 5 0 ∘ ⋯ = 9 0 ∘ ( 2 n − 1 ) , where n is a positive integer. Then the number of times when the two hands are perpendicular is given by the largest n that satisfies the following inequality.
9 0 ( 2 n − 1 ) n ⟹ n ≤ θ ( 3 6 0 ) = 5 . 5 × 3 6 0 = 1 9 8 0 ≤ 2 9 0 1 9 8 0 + 1 = 1 1 . 5 = 1 1
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The times the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock form a right angle with each other between 0 6 0 0 and 1 2 0 0 are approximately at 0 6 1 7 , 0 6 4 9 , 0 7 2 2 , 0 7 5 4 , 0 8 2 8 , 0 9 0 0 , 0 9 3 3 , 1 0 0 5 , 1 0 3 8 , 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 4 9 .
Note that this happens twice every hour, except between 0 8 0 0 and 1 0 0 0 when it happens only three times and not four times as expected.
This is because at 0 9 0 0 exactly the hands form a right angle. Thus between 0 6 0 0 and 1 2 0 0 it happens ( 6 × 2 ) − 1 = 1 1 times.