A curve is defined parametrically by:
⎩ ⎨ ⎧ x = t 3 − 1 y = t 2 − 1
If ( d x d y ) 4 d x 2 d 2 y = − b a a b , where a and b are positive coprime integers, find the area bound by the curve and the line y = a x + b . If this area is C × 1 0 − 4 , find C to 1 decimal place.
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Let's start by solving the first parametric equation for t in terms of x : t = ( x + 1 ) 1 / 3 , and substitution into the second parametric equation gives: y = ( x + 1 ) 2 / 3 − 1 . (i) First and second derivatives of (i) yield:
y ′ = 3 2 ( x + 1 ) − 1 / 3 , y ′ ′ = − 9 2 ( x + 1 ) − 4 / 3
and the quotient: ( y ′ ) 4 y ′ ′ = ( 3 2 ( x + 1 ) − 1 / 3 ) 4 − 9 2 ( x + 1 ) − 4 / 3 = − 8 9 = − 2 3 3 2 .
thus a = 3 , b = 2 with the line y = 3 x + 2 (ii). Now curves (i) and (ii) intersect at:
( x + 1 ) 2 / 3 − 1 = 3 x + 2 ⇒ 0 = ( x + 1 ) 2 / 3 − ( 3 x + 3 ) ⇒ 0 = ( x + 1 ) 2 / 3 ⋅ ( 1 − 3 ( x + 1 ) 1 / 3 ) ⇒ x = − 1 , − 2 7 2 6 .
The required area between (i) and (ii) (with (i) ≥ (ii) for all x ∈ [ − 1 , − 2 7 2 6 ] ) computes to:
∫ − 1 − 2 7 2 6 [ ( x + 1 ) 2 / 3 − 1 ] − ( 3 x + 2 ) d x = 5 3 ( x + 1 ) 5 / 3 − 2 3 x 2 − 3 x ∣ − 1 − 2 7 2 6 ≈ 4 . 1 × 1 0 − 4 .