Diophantine equation in primes

Given x 2 2 y 2 = 1 , x^{2}-2y^{2}=1, where x x and y y are both prime numbers, find the sum of all possible values of x + y . x+y.


The answer is 5.

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3 solutions

Linus Kelsey
Jul 30, 2018

Consider x n + 1 = 3 x n + 4 y n x_{n+1}=3x_{n}+4y_{n} and y n + 1 = 2 x n + 3 y n y_{n+1}=2x_{n}+3y_{n} .

Then ( x n + 1 ) 2 2 ( y n + 1 ) 2 = ( x n ) 2 2 ( y n ) 2 (x_{n+1})^{2}-2(y_{n+1})^{2}=(x_{n})^{2}-2(y_{n})^{2} (*)

Setting x 1 = 3 x_{1}=3 and y 1 = 2 y_{1}=2 (which are both solutions to the original equation), it is clear to see that x n + 1 x_{n+1} is always odd and y n + 1 y_{n+1} is always even for all n. Given (*) all values of ( x n , y n ) (x_{n}, y_{n}) must also generate solutions to the original equation. Since y n y_{n} is always even the only prime pair is (3,2) and the answer is 5.

Barr Shiv
Dec 6, 2018

Take mode 4: if x and y are uneven primes the RHS of the Equations is: 1-2×1=-1 but this is contradiction to the LHS which yields to 1 mode 4. therefore we conclude that one of the primes is 2. x cannot be 2 one can see so y=2 and x=3. and x+y=5

Leonel Castillo
Aug 19, 2018

Let's assume that x , y 3 x,y \neq 3 . Then 1 1 2 1 m o d 3 1 \equiv 1 - 2 \equiv -1 \mod 3 . This is a contradiction so at least one of the primes must be equal to 3. If y = 3 y = 3 then x 2 = 19 x^2 = 19 which is a contradiction. If x = 3 x=3 then 2 y 2 = 8 y 2 = 4 y = 2 -2y^2 = -8 \implies y^2 = 4 \implies y=2 . This gives us the only solution, x = 3 , y = 2 x=3,y=2 .

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