Find the number of positive integer solutions to the equation
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We can asume WLOG that x ≤ y < z , because if at least one of x , y would be at least z then z z < x x + y y .
So x x + y y ≤ 2 ( z − 1 ) z − 1 ≤ ( z − 1 ) ( z − 1 ) z − 1 < z z for every z ≥ 3 .
So we can be sure that for every z ≥ 3 is the following true for every natural numbers x , y : x x + y y = z z .
And now there are only few cases that we must check and here they are:
1.) z = 2
x x + y y = 4 , this equation has no solutions because m a x ( x , y ) must be lower than 2 and thus x = y = 1 which simply does not fulfill the equation.
2.) For z = 1 this equation has no solutions, because m a x ( x , y ) must be lower than 1 and there are no natural numbers lower than 1.
And we are done.