Dipole

Chemistry Level 2

Which of the following molecules has the maximum dipole moment ?

H B r \ce{HBr} H C l \ce{HCl} H I \ce{HI} H F \ce{HF}

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1 solution

Chew-Seong Cheong
Feb 17, 2016

Electronegativity and therefore dipole moment increases as we move across the periodic table from left to right in a single period. Therefore, for hydrogen halide, ( H F \ce{HF} , H C l \ce{HCl} , H B r \ce{HBr} , and H I \ce{HI} ), H F \boxed{\ce{HF}} has the largest dipole moment. This is confirmed by from the following table of dipole moments of various molecules from this page of General Chemistry.

Dipole Moments of Specific Molecules Molecule µ (debye) H X 2 O 1.85 H F 1.91 H C l 1.08 H B r 0.80 H I 0.42 C O 0.12 C O X 2 0.00 N H X 3 1.47 P H X 3 0.58 A s H X 3 0.20 C H X 4 0.00 N a C l 9.00 \underline {\text{Dipole Moments of Specific Molecules}} \\ \begin{array} {cl} \text{Molecule} & \text{µ (debye)} \\ \hline \\ \ce{H2O} & 1.85 \\ \ce{HF} & 1.91 \\ \ce{HCl} & 1.08 \\ \ce{HBr} & 0.80 \\ \ce{HI} & 0.42 \\ \ce{CO} & 0.12 \\ \ce{CO2} & 0.00 \\ \ce{NH3} & 1.47 \\ \ce{PH3} & 0.58 \\ \ce{AsH3} & 0.20 \\ \ce{CH4} & 0.00 \\ \ce{NaCl} & 9.00 \end{array}

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