Divisible by 40?

40 ( 9 ) 2 ( 9 ) 2 \large 40 \ \mid \ (\dots {\color{#D61F06}{9}})^2-(\dots {\color{#3D99F6}{9}})^2

Assume that both positive integers a a and b b end in a 9. Is it definitely true that a 2 b 2 a^2-b^2 is divisible by 40?

Yes, it is definitely true No, it is not definitely true

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1 solution

Marco Brezzi
Aug 16, 2017

Let

a = 10 k + 9 c c c c c c b = 10 j + 9 c c c c k , j N a=10k+9\phantom{cccccc}b=10j+9\phantom{cccc}k,j\in\mathbb{N}

Hence

a 2 b 2 = ( 10 k + 9 ) 2 ( 10 j + 9 ) 2 = ( 10 k + 9 + 10 j + 9 ) ( 10 k + 9 10 j 9 ) = ( 10 k + 10 j + 18 ) ( 10 k 10 j ) = 20 ( k j ) [ 5 ( k + j ) + 9 ] \begin{aligned} a^2-b^2&=(10k+9)^2-(10j+9)^2\\ &=(10k+9+10j+9)(10k+9-10j-9)\\ &=(10k+10j+18)(10k-10j)\\ &=20(k-j)[5(k+j)+9] \end{aligned}

Now, k + j k+j and k j k-j have the same parity so there are two cases

{ k + j 0 m o d 2 ( k j ) [ 5 ( k + j ) + 9 ] 0 ( 5 0 + 9 ) 0 m o d 2 2 ( k j ) [ 5 ( k + j ) + 9 ] k + j 1 m o d 2 ( k j ) [ 5 ( k + j ) + 9 ] 1 ( 5 1 + 9 ) 14 0 m o d 2 2 ( k j ) [ 5 ( k + j ) + 9 ] \begin{cases} k+j\equiv 0\mod 2\Longrightarrow (k-j)[5(k+j)+9]\equiv 0\cdot(5\cdot 0+9)\equiv 0 \mod 2 \Longrightarrow 2|(k-j)[5(k+j)+9]\\ k+j\equiv 1\mod 2\Longrightarrow (k-j)[5(k+j)+9]\equiv 1\cdot(5\cdot 1+9)\equiv 14 \equiv 0 \mod 2 \Longrightarrow 2|(k-j)[5(k+j)+9] \end{cases}

Thus

40 20 ( k j ) [ 5 ( k + j ) + 9 ] 40|20(k-j)[5(k+j)+9]

40 a 2 b 2 \Longrightarrow \boxed{40|a^2-b^2}

Why must they be in the form 10 n + 1 10n + 1 ?

Zach Abueg - 3 years, 9 months ago

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Sorry, I don't understand, which part of the solution are you talking about? If it was a typo and you meant 10 n + 9 10n+9 (referring to the beginning of my solution), it's stated in the problem

Marco Brezzi - 3 years, 9 months ago

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Sorry yeah I meant 10 n + 9 10n + 9 .

Ah, okay, my mistake. Thanks!

Zach Abueg - 3 years, 9 months ago

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