If is a positive integer with precisely 18 positive divisors, then which of the following cannot be the total number of positive divisors of
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Consider N = p 1 k 1 p 2 k 2 . . . p j k j as in canonical representation, then it has τ ( N ) = ( k 1 + 1 ) ( k 2 + 1 ) . . . ( k j + 1 ) divisors. We have N 2 = ( p 1 k 1 p 2 k 2 . . . p j k j ) 2 = p 1 2 k 1 p 2 2 k 2 . . . p j 2 k j which has τ ( N 2 ) = ( 2 k 1 + 1 ) ( 2 k 2 + 1 ) . . . ( 2 k j + 1 ) divisors. Now, this means that if we were to check for the possible values for τ ( N 2 ) given τ ( N ) , then we just need to add each of the k i 's to each of the respective product term's ( k i + 1 ) in τ ( N ) .
To do this, we are going to try to split 18 into products of terms, then using the "split" 18s, we can compare terms-by-terms correspondence with τ ( N ) , then use that in order to form all possible values of τ ( N 2 ) , given that τ ( N ) = 1 8 .
There are a total of 4 ways to factorize 18:
1 8 = 2 × 3 × 3 = 2 × 9 = 6 × 3 = 1 × 1 8
We are going to check the solutions for τ ( N ) = 1 8 :
Case 1 : τ ( N ) = 2 × 3 × 3
We have that ( k 1 + 1 ) ( k 2 + 1 ) ( k 3 + 1 ) = 2 × 3 × 3 ⇒ ( 2 k 1 + 1 ) ( 2 k 2 + 1 ) ( 2 k 3 + 1 ) = 3 × 5 × 5 = 7 5 = τ ( N 2 )
Hence τ ( N 2 ) can be 7 5 .
Case 2 : τ ( N ) = 2 × 9
We have that ( k 1 + 1 ) ( k 2 + 1 ) = 2 × 9 ⇒ ( 2 k 1 + 1 ) ( 2 k 2 + 1 ) = 3 × 1 7 = 5 1 = τ ( N 2 )
Hence τ ( N 2 ) can be 5 1 .
Case 3 : τ ( N ) = 6 × 3
We have that ( k 1 + 1 ) ( k 2 + 1 ) = 6 × 3 ⇒ ( 2 k 1 + 1 ) ( 2 k 2 + 1 ) = 1 1 × 5 = 5 5 = τ ( N 2 )
Hence τ ( N 2 ) can be 5 5 .
Case 4 : τ ( N ) = 1 × 1 8
We have that k 1 + 1 = 1 8 ⇒ 2 k 1 + 1 = 3 5 = τ ( N 2 )
Hence τ ( N 2 ) can be 3 5 .
In conclusion, the possible values of τ ( N 2 ) are 3 5 , 5 5 , 5 1 , 7 5 . We see that 9 5 is not in the list.
Therefore 9 5 can not be the total number of positive divisors of N 2 .