Do you need m m ?

( 1 + x ) 2 + ( 1 + x ) 3 + ( 1 + x ) 4 + + ( 1 + x ) 49 + ( 1 + m x ) 50 (1+x)^2+(1+x)^3+(1+x)^4+\cdots+(1+x)^{49} + (1+mx)^{50}

Let m m be the minimum positive integer such that the coefficient of x 2 x^2 in the expansion above is ( 3 n + 1 ) ( 51 3 ) (3n+1) \dbinom{51}{3} , where n n is an integer.

Find n n .


The answer is 0.

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3 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Apr 15, 2017

The coefficient of x 2 x^2 in the expansion is given by:

k = 2 49 ( k 2 ) + ( 50 2 ) m 2 = ( 3 n + 1 ) ( 51 3 ) k = 2 49 k ( k 1 ) 2 + 50 49 m 2 2 = ( 3 n + 1 ) 51 50 49 3 2 k = 2 49 ( k 2 k ) + 50 49 m 2 = 17 50 49 ( 3 n + 1 ) 49 50 ( 2 49 + 1 ) 6 1 49 50 2 + 1 + 50 49 m 2 = 17 50 49 ( 3 n + 1 ) 99 6 1 2 + m 2 = 17 ( 3 n + 1 ) 16 + m 2 = 51 n + 17 m 2 = 51 n + 1 \begin{aligned} \sum_{k=2}^{49} \binom k2 + \binom {50}2 m^2 & = (3n+1)\binom {51}3 \\ \sum_{k=2}^{49} \frac {k(k-1)}2 + \frac {50\cdot 49 m^2}2 & = (3n+1)\frac {51 \cdot 50 \cdot 49}{3\cdot 2} \\ \sum_{k=2}^{49} (k^2-k) + 50\cdot 49 m^2 & = 17 \cdot 50 \cdot 49(3n+1) \\ \frac {49\cdot 50(2\cdot 49+1)}6 - 1 - \frac {49\cdot 50}2 + 1 + 50\cdot 49 m^2 & = 17 \cdot 50 \cdot 49(3n+1) \\ \frac {99}6 - \frac 12 + m^2 & = 17(3n+1) \\ 16 + m^2 & = 51n + 17 \\ m^2 & = 51n + 1 \end{aligned}

min ( m ) = 1 \implies \min(m) = 1 , when n = 0 n=\boxed{0} .

Similar to what i did!

Md Zuhair - 4 years, 1 month ago

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Nice question to use the hockey-stick identity on, as we know that

k = 2 50 ( k 2 ) = ( 51 3 ) \displaystyle\sum_{k=2}^{50} \dbinom{k}{2} = \dbinom{51}{3} ,

so we can quickly see that if m = 1 m = 1 then we can set n = 0 n = 0 .

Noting that the equation m 2 = 51 n + 1 m^{2} = 51n + 1 can be written as

m 2 1 = 51 n ( m 1 ) ( m + 1 ) = 3 17 n m^{2} - 1 = 51n \Longrightarrow (m - 1)(m + 1) = 3*17*n ,

to find other ( m , n ) (m,n) pairings we need to choose n n so that 3 17 n 3*17*n can be factored into a product of two integers that differ by 2 2 . The next solution is then ( 16 , 5 ) (16,5) followed by

( 35 , 24 ) , ( 50 , 49 ) , ( 52 , 53 ) , ( 67 , 88 ) , ( 86 , 145 ) , ( 101 , 200 ) , ( 103 , 208 ) , ( 118 , 273 ) , . . . . (35,24), (50,49), (52,53), (67,88), (86,145), (101,200), (103,208), (118,273),.... .

Brian Charlesworth - 4 years, 1 month ago
Kevin Tong
Jul 9, 2017

Notice, the final coefficient of x 2 x^2 in the sum is Σ n = 2 49 ( n 2 ) + ( 50 2 ) m 2 \Sigma_{n=2}^{49} \binom{n}{2} + \binom{50}{2} \cdot m^2 . From observation of the pascal's triangle (And I'm sure there is some property that shows this), we see that if m = 1 m=1 , the sum of these is equal to ( 51 3 ) \binom{51}{3} 1 1 , 1 1 , 2 , 1 1 , 3 , 3 , 1 1 , 4 , 6 , 4 , 1 1 , 5 , 10 , 10 , 5 , 1 1 , 6 , 15 , 20 , 15 , 6 , 1 . . . 1\\1, 1\\1, 2, 1\\1, 3, 3, 1\\1, 4, 6, 4, 1\\1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1\\1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1\\... Notice, going down the ( n 2 ) \binom{n}{2} line up to n = 5 n=5 , we get 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 = 20 = ( 6 3 ) 1+3+6+10=20=\binom{6}{3} . This can be applied up to any other n n , so now, we can solve for n n such that m = 1 m=1 . ( 51 3 ) = ( 3 n + 1 ) ( 51 3 ) 3 n + 1 = 1 3 n = 0 n = 0 \binom{51}{3}=(3n+1)\cdot\binom{51}{3}\\3n+1=1\\3n=0\\n=\boxed{0}

Rab Gani
May 4, 2017

(1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + ....+ 49C2)=(1/6)(n)(n+1)(n+2), where n=48.

19600 + (35 m)^2 = (3n+1) 20825. So, m^2 = 17(3n+1) – 16 .The smallest n=0.

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