A rubber string of mass and rigidity is suspended at one end. Determine the elongation of the string.
Assumptions
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The extension of a spring is given by k F = Δ x where F = m g .
Therefore, k m g = Δ x .
The weight acting on a particular point along the string can be given by m g n where n = how far up the string the point is, expressed as a fraction. Therefore, 0 ≤ n ≤ 1 .
0 is at the bottom of the string (no weight/force acts to extend it) and 1 is at the top of the string where the string's entire weight provides a force to extend it.
We want the extension of the whole string, so we can integrate the function between 0 and 1, because this interval for n encompasses the string's whole length.
∫ 0 1 k m g n d n = 2 k m g n 2 ∣ ∣ ∣ 0 1 = 2 k m g = 2 × 5 0 0 1 × 1 0 = 0 . 0 1 m .
I guess you could also just state that the 'average' weight (force) acting on the whole string is 2 m g , i.e. half the total weight, and substitute this directly into the force-extension equation to yield the same answer.