Does this property holds for inverse too? (part- Vl)

Geometry Level 3

tan 1 ( x ) cot 1 ( x ) = 1 \large { \tan^{ -1 } ( x ) \cdot \cot^{ -1 } ( x ) = 1 }

Determine the number of real solutions of x x which satisfy the equation above.

1 3 \infty 2 0

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2 solutions

First note that the function f ( x ) = tan 1 ( x ) cot 1 ( x ) f(x) = \tan^{-1}(x)\cot^{-1}(x) is a continuous, even function that is differentiable on R { 0 } . \mathbb{R} - \{0\}. We also note that f ( 0 ) = 0. f(0) = 0. Now using the product rule we find that

f ( x ) = cot 1 ( x ) 1 + x 2 tan 1 ( x ) 1 + x 2 , f'(x) = \dfrac{\cot^{-1}(x)}{1 + x^{2}} - \dfrac{\tan^{-1}(x)}{1 + x^{2}},

which equals 0 0 when tan 1 ( x ) = cot 1 ( x ) . \tan^{-1}(x) = \cot^{-1}(x). This occurs only when x = 1 , x = 1, at which point f ( 1 ) = π 4 π 4 = π 2 16 < 1. f(1) = \dfrac{\pi}{4}*\dfrac{\pi}{4} = \dfrac{\pi^{2}}{16} \lt 1. Since f ( 1 ) > f ( 0 ) f(1) \gt f(0) we know that the critical point obtained represents a maximum, and thus we can conclude that f ( x ) < 1 f(x) \lt 1 x R , \forall x \in \mathbb{R}, and so the given equation has no real solutions.

Satvik Choudhary
Sep 7, 2015

Using the property t a n 1 x + c o t 1 x = π / 2 tan^{-1}x + cot^{-1}x=\pi/2 The equation becomes ( t a n 1 x ) 2 π / 2 ( t a n 1 x ) + 1 (tan^{-1}x)^{2}-\pi/2 (tan^{-1}x)+1 Clearly if we substitute t a n 1 x = y tan^{-1}x=y The quadratic equation so formed has no solution.

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