Let there be two concentric ellipses such that both the focii of first lie on the second ellipse and both the focii of second lie on the first.
Let and be the eccentricities of the two ellipses satisfying .
Angle between the axes of these ellipse is and
Find the value of .
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Equation of first ellipse (assumed WLOG in standard position):
a 2 x 2 + b 2 y 2 = 1
Equation of second ellipse (before rotation)
a ′ 2 x 2 + b ′ 2 y 2 = 1
After rotation by an angle θ the second ellipse has the equation:
r T R D R T r = 1
with
D = diag { a ′ 2 1 , b ′ 2 1 }
and
R = [ cos θ sin θ − sin θ cos θ ]
Now let c = cos θ and s = sin θ .
Performing the multiplication R D R T we find that
R D R T = ⎣ ⎢ ⎡ a ′ 2 c 2 + b ′ 2 s 2 ( a ′ 2 1 − b ′ 2 1 ) s c ( a ′ 2 1 − b ′ 2 1 ) s c b ′ 2 c 2 + a ′ 2 s 2 ⎦ ⎥ ⎤
Focii of first ellipse are at ( a u , 0 ) and ( − a u , 0 ) .
Focii of second ellipse are at ( a ′ v , 0 ) and ( − a ′ v , 0 ) rotated by θ , i.e. ( a ′ v c , a ′ v s ) and ( − a ′ v c , − a ′ v s )
Substituting the coordinates of one of the focii of the first ellipse into the equation of the second ellipse,
( a ′ 2 c 2 + b ′ 2 s 2 ) ( a 2 u 2 ) = 1
Similarly, substituting the coordinates of one of the focii of the second ellipse into the equation of the first ellipse,
( a ′ 2 v 2 ) ( a 2 c 2 + b 2 s 2 ) = 1
Now, from the definition of eccentricity, we have u = 1 − ( b / a ) 2 ,therefore,
b 2 = a 2 ( 1 − u 2 ) , and similarly, b ′ 2 = a ′ 2 ( 1 − v 2 )
Substituting this, we arrive at,
a ′ 2 a 2 u 2 ( c 2 + ( 1 − v 2 ) s 2 ) = 1
a 2 a ′ 2 v 2 ( c 2 + ( 1 − u 2 ) s 2 ) = 1
Multiplying the two equations:
( u v ) 2 ( c 2 + ( 1 − v 2 ) s 2 ) ( c 2 + ( 1 − u 2 ) s 2 ) = 1
Which can be simplified as follows:
( u v ) 2 ( c 2 ( 1 − v 2 ) + s 2 ) ( c 2 ( 1 − u 2 ) + s 2 ) = ( 1 − u 2 ) ( 1 − v 2 )
( u v ) 2 ( 1 − c 2 v 2 ) ( 1 − c 2 u 2 ) = ( 1 − ( u 2 + v 2 ) + ( u v ) 2 )
( u v ) 2 ( 1 − c 2 ( u 2 + v 2 ) + c 4 ( u v ) 2 ) = 1 − ( u 2 + v 2 ) + ( u v ) 2
Now, let e = u v and S = u 2 + v 2 , then
e 2 ( 1 − c 2 S + c 4 e 2 ) = 1 − S + e 2
which implies
e 2 ( − c 2 S + c 4 e 2 ) = 1 − S
Hence,
S = ( 1 − e 2 c 2 ) ( 1 − e 4 c 4 ) = 1 + e 2 c 2
Finally, substituting e = 4 3 and c = 3 8 we get
S = 1 . 5