Find
This problem, taken from Romanian Mathematical Magazine , was proposed by Professor Daniel Sitaru, Romania.
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Here I wish to share my solution. :)
Here we write 2 n − 2 k − 1 = 2 M − 3 and 2 n − 2 k + 2 = 2 M and Ω = k = 0 ∑ ∞ k = 0 ∑ n ( k + 1 ) ! k ( 2 ( n − k + 1 ) ) ! ! ( 2 ( n − k − 1 ) + 1 ) ! ! = k = 0 ∑ ∞ M = 1 ∑ k ( k + 1 ) ! k ( 2 M ) ! ! ( 2 M − 3 ) ! ! further M = 1 ∑ ∞ k = M − 1 ∑ ∞ ( k + 1 ) ! k ( 2 M ) ! ! ( 2 M − 3 ) ! ! = ( k = 0 ∑ ∞ ( k + 1 ) ! k ) ( M = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 2 ( M + 1 ) ) ! ! ( 2 M − 1 ) ! ! ) Note that the former sum is Telescoping sum and latter sum can be expressed in terms of factorial as N → ∞ lim k = 1 ∑ N ( k + 1 ) ! k ( M = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 2 ( M + 1 ) ) ! ! ( 2 M − 1 ) ! ! ) = N → ∞ lim ( 1 − ( N + 1 ) ! 1 ) β ( M ) = β ( M ) and β ( M ) = M = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 2 M ) ! ! ( 2 M − 1 ) ! ! = M = 0 ∑ ∞ 2 M M ! ( 2 M + 1 ( M + 1 ) ! ) ( 2 M ) ! = 2 1 M = 0 ∑ ∞ 4 M ( M + 1 ) 1 ( M 2 M ) Recall the Generating function for central binomial coefficient a nd hence on integrating with respect to x from 0 to 4 1 we get ∫ 0 4 1 1 − 4 x 1 = ∫ 0 4 1 n = 0 ∑ ∞ ( M 2 M ) x M ⇒ 2 β ( M ) = ∫ 0 4 1 1 − 4 x 4 = 2 Therefore β ( M ) = 1 and hence is the answer.