e craze 2

Calculus Level 4

Let e e be Euler's number .

Let f ( x ) = 1 x 2 f(x) = \dfrac{1}{x^2} and g ( x ) = a e ( a x + b ) ( a e x + a ( 1 e ) + b ) g(x) = \dfrac{ae}{(ax + b)(aex + a(1 - e) + b)} , where

f ( 1 ) = g ( 1 ) f(1) = g(1) and 1 f ( x ) d x = 1 g ( x ) d x \int_{1}^{\infty} f(x) dx = \int_{1}^{\infty} g(x) dx .

Let x 2 = 1 + e + e 2 e 3 ( 1 + e ) e x_{2} = \dfrac{1 + e + e^2 - e^3}{(1 + e)e} and x 1 = 1 + e e 2 e x_{1} = \dfrac{1 + e - e^2}{e} .

Find the area A A of the region bounded between by the curves f ( x ) f(x) and g ( x ) g(x) on [ x 1 , x 2 ] [x1,x2] to six decimal places.


The answer is 0.614755.

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1 solution

Rocco Dalto
May 26, 2018

f ( 1 ) = 1 = g ( 1 ) ( a + b ) 2 = a e f(1) = 1 = g(1) \implies \boxed{(a + b)^2 = ae} and 1 f ( x ) d x = 1 x 1 = 1 = 1 g ( x ) d x \int_{1}^{\infty} f(x) dx = \dfrac{-1}{x}|_{1}^{\infty} = 1 = \int_{1}^{\infty} g(x) dx .

Using partial fractions for 1 g ( x ) d x \int_{1}^{\infty} g(x) dx we obtain the system:

e A + B = 0 eA + B = 0

( a ( 1 e ) + b ) A + b B = a e (a(1 - e) + b)A + bB = ae

Solving the system we obtain:

A = a e ( 1 e ) ( a + b ) A = \dfrac{ae}{(1 - e)(a + b)} and B = a e 2 ( 1 e ) ( a + b ) B = -\dfrac{ae^2}{(1 - e)(a + b)} \implies 1 g ( x ) d x = e ( 1 e ) ( a + b ) 1 a a x + b a e a e x + a ( 1 e ) + b d x = e ( 1 e ) ( a + b ) 1 ln ( a x + b a e x + a ( 1 e ) + b ) 1 = \int_{1}^{\infty} g(x) dx = \dfrac{e}{(1 - e)(a + b)}\int_{1}^{\infty} \dfrac{a}{ax + b} - \dfrac{ae}{aex + a(1 - e) + b} dx = \dfrac{e}{(1 - e)(a + b)}\int_{1}^{\infty}\ln(\dfrac{ax + b}{aex + a(1 - e) + b})|_{1}^{\infty} =

e ( 1 e ) ( a + b ) = 1 ( e 1 ) ( a + b ) = e \dfrac{-e}{(1 - e)(a + b)} = 1 \implies (e - 1)(a + b) = e \implies

a + b = e e 1 \boxed{a + b = \dfrac{e}{e -1}}

( a + b ) 2 = a e \boxed{(a + b)^2 = ae}

a = e ( e 1 ) 2 \implies a = \dfrac{e}{(e - 1)^2} and b = e ( e 2 ) ( e 1 ) 2 g ( x ) = e ( e 1 ) 2 ( e x + e 2 2 e ) ( e x 1 ) b = \dfrac{e(e - 2)}{(e - 1)^2} \implies g(x) = \dfrac{e(e - 1)^2}{(ex + e^2 - 2e)(ex - 1)} .

x 1 x 2 f ( x ) d x = 1 x x 1 x 2 = e 3 e 2 ( 1 + e + e 2 e 3 ) ( 1 + e e 2 ) \int_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} f(x) dx = -\dfrac{1}{x}|_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} = \dfrac{e^3 - e^2}{(1 + e + e^2 - e^3)(1 + e - e^2)}

and using partial fractions for x 1 x 2 g ( x ) d x \int_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} g(x) dx we obtain the system:

A + B = 0 A + B = 0

A + ( e 2 2 e ) B = 1 -A + (e^2 - 2e)B = 1

B = 1 ( e 1 ) 2 \implies B = \dfrac{1}{(e - 1)^2} and A = 1 ( e 1 ) 2 A = -\dfrac{1}{(e - 1)^2} \implies

x 1 x 2 g ( x ) d x = ( x 1 x 2 ( e e x + e 2 2 e + e e x 1 d x = \int_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} g(x) dx = (\int_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} (\dfrac{-e}{ex + e^2 - 2e} + \dfrac{e}{ex - 1} dx = ln ( e x 1 e x + e 2 2 e ) x 1 x 2 = 1 \ln(\dfrac{ex - 1}{ex + e^2 - 2e})|_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} = 1

x 1 x 2 g ( x ) f ( x ) d x = 1 + 2 e + 2 e 2 2 e 3 2 e 4 + e 5 ( 1 + e e 2 ) ( 1 + e + e 2 e 3 ) 0.614755 \implies \int_{x_{1}}^{x_{2}} g(x) - f(x) \:\ dx = \dfrac{1 + 2e + 2e^2 - 2e^3 - 2e^4 + e^5}{(1 + e - e^2)(1 + e + e^2 - e^3)} \approx \boxed{0.614755} .

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