Easy Description but Hard Answer

A smooth track in the form of a quarter circle of radius R R fixes in the vertical plane, as demonstrated by the animation. It can be shown that the time T T that it takes for a small sphere released from rest at the top end of the track to reach the bottom end is

T = R g Γ ( A B ) C 4 π D , T=\sqrt{\frac Rg}\frac{\Gamma\big(\frac AB\big )^C}{4\sqrt[D]\pi},

where A , B , C , D A,B,C,D are positive integers, with A , B A,B coprime. Find the value of A + B + C + D A+B+C+D .

Details and Assumptions

  • Neglect air drag.
  • Γ ( ) \Gamma(\cdot) denotes the gamma function .

This problem is inspired by Faster Than Gravity and the GIF is provided by my friend Carwaniwer Qee .


The answer is 9.

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1 solution

Steven Chase
Apr 16, 2018

Let θ \theta be the angle with the horizontal. Equate the change in potential energy to the kinetic energy:

m g R s i n θ = 1 2 m R 2 ( d θ d t ) 2 m g R \, sin \theta = \frac{1}{2} m R^2 \Big(\frac{d \theta}{dt} \Big)^2

Re-arranging gives:

d t = R 2 g s i n θ d θ dt = \sqrt{\frac{R}{ 2 g \, sin \theta}} \, d \theta

Total elapsed time from start to end:

T = R 2 g 0 π / 2 1 s i n θ d θ = R 2 g 0 π / 2 s i n 2 ( 1 / 4 ) 1 θ c o s 2 ( 1 / 2 ) 1 θ d θ = 1 2 R 2 g Γ ( 1 / 4 ) Γ ( 1 / 2 ) Γ ( 3 / 4 ) = 1 2 R 2 g 1 2 π Γ ( 1 / 4 ) 2 = R g 1 4 π Γ ( 1 / 4 ) 2 T = \sqrt{\frac{R}{2 g}} \int_0^{\pi/2} \frac{1}{\sqrt{sin \theta}} d \theta \\ = \sqrt{\frac{R}{2 g}} \int_0^{\pi/2} sin^{2 (1/4) -1} \, \theta \,\, cos^{2 (1/2) -1} \, \theta \, d \theta \\ = \frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{\frac{R}{2 g}} \, \frac{\Gamma(1/4) \, \Gamma(1/2)}{\Gamma(3/4)} \\ = \frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{\frac{R}{2 g}} \, \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi}} \Gamma(1/4)^2 \\ = \sqrt{\frac{R}{g}} \, \frac{1}{4 \sqrt{\pi}} \, \Gamma(1/4)^2

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