fixes in the vertical plane, as demonstrated by the animation. It can be shown that the time that it takes for a small sphere released from rest at the top end of the track to reach the bottom end is
A smooth track in the form of a quarter circle of radius
where are positive integers, with coprime. Find the value of .
Details and Assumptions
This problem is inspired by Faster Than Gravity and the GIF is provided by my friend Carwaniwer Qee .
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Let θ be the angle with the horizontal. Equate the change in potential energy to the kinetic energy:
m g R s i n θ = 2 1 m R 2 ( d t d θ ) 2
Re-arranging gives:
d t = 2 g s i n θ R d θ
Total elapsed time from start to end:
T = 2 g R ∫ 0 π / 2 s i n θ 1 d θ = 2 g R ∫ 0 π / 2 s i n 2 ( 1 / 4 ) − 1 θ c o s 2 ( 1 / 2 ) − 1 θ d θ = 2 1 2 g R Γ ( 3 / 4 ) Γ ( 1 / 4 ) Γ ( 1 / 2 ) = 2 1 2 g R 2 π 1 Γ ( 1 / 4 ) 2 = g R 4 π 1 Γ ( 1 / 4 ) 2