Easy geometry!

Geometry Level 3

A B C D ABCD is a square with side length of 1. B E F \triangle BEF inscribed in the square is such that E E is on A D AD and F F is on C D CD . Perimeter of D E F \triangle DEF is 2. Find the measure of E B F \angle EBF .

Bonus : Use geometry only.

3 0 30^\circ 4 0 40^\circ 4 5 45^\circ 6 0 60^\circ

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3 solutions

Mr. India
Mar 29, 2019

Please ask if you don't understand my writing

Dan Czinege
May 22, 2019

If we draw a circle with center at B and radius equal to |AB| = 1, we know that the perimeter of any triangle DEF, which has got EF tangent to the circle is equal to 2, because |AE|=|EG| and |FG|=|FC| so the perimeter of triangle DEF is equal to |AD| + |CD| = 2. Now to prove that these triangles DEF are the only ones with perimeter 2 we can consider this: Draw any other line segment E´F´ and we can for every E´F´ find paralel line which is tangent to the quarter circle. Because
E´F´ and the new tangent lines are paralel we can say that triangles DE´F´ and a new triangle made by the paralel line are similar with coeficient of similarity not equal to 1 (because line E´F´ is not same as the new line) so the perimeter is not equal to 2. Now we can easly calculate angle EBF as a half of the sum of angles ABG and GBC so it is 45°.

Chew-Seong Cheong
Mar 31, 2019

Let D F = x DF = x and D E = y DE=y . Since the perimeter of D E F \triangle DEF is 2,

x + y + x 2 + y 2 = 2 x + y 2 = x 2 + y 2 Squaring both sides x 2 + 2 x y + y 2 4 ( x + y ) + 4 = x 2 + y 2 x y = 2 ( x + y 1 ) \begin{aligned} x + y + \sqrt{x^2+y^2} & = 2 \\ x+y - 2 & = \sqrt{x^2+y^2} & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Squaring both sides} \\ x^2 + 2xy + y^2 - 4(x+y) + 4 & = x^2+y^2 \\ \implies xy & = 2(x+y - 1) \end{aligned}

Let E B F = θ \angle EBF = \theta . Then

θ = 9 0 tan 1 ( 1 x ) tan 1 ( 1 y ) = 9 0 tan 1 ( 1 x + 1 y 1 ( 1 x ) ( 1 y ) ) = 9 0 tan 1 ( 2 x y x + y x y ) Note that x y = 2 ( x + y 1 ) = 9 0 tan 1 ( 2 x y x + y x y ) = 9 0 tan 1 ( 2 x y 2 x y ) = 9 0 tan 1 ( 1 ) = 9 0 4 5 = = 4 5 \begin{aligned} \theta & = 90^\circ - \tan^{-1} (1-x) - \tan^{-1} (1-y) \\ & = 90^\circ - \tan^{-1} \left(\frac {1-x+1-y}{1-(1-x)(1-y)} \right) \\ & = 90^\circ - \tan^{-1} \left(\frac {2-x-y}{x+y-\color{#3D99F6} xy} \right) & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Note that }xy = 2(x+y-1) \\ & = 90^\circ - \tan^{-1} \left(\frac {2-x-y}{x+y-\color{#3D99F6} xy} \right) \\ & = 90^\circ - \tan^{-1} \left(\frac {2-x-y}{2-x-y} \right) \\ & = 90^\circ - \tan^{-1} \left(1 \right) \\ & = 90^\circ - 45^\circ \\ & = = \boxed{45^\circ} \end{aligned}

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