Electric and Magnetic Fields

A particle of mass m m and charge q q is placed at A ( 0 , 0 ) A(0, 0) is at rest and free to move . There is a constant and uniform electric field E j ^ \vec{E}\hat{j} and a constant and uniform magnetic field is applied at B k ^ \vec{B}\hat{k} . Find the Y m a x Y_{max} coordinate made by the particle over all time.
Details and Assumptions
1) m = 2 m=2
2) q = 1 q=1
3) E = 4 E=4
4) B = 5 B=5
5) There is no gravity
The problem is not original


The answer is 0.64.

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3 solutions

Force acting on the charge is

F = q ( E + v × B ) = q ( j ^ ( E v x B ) + i ^ v y B ) \vec F=q(\vec E+\vec v\times \vec B) =q\left (\hat j(E-v_xB)+\hat iv_yB\right ) .

So

d v x d t = q B m v y , d v y d t = q E m q B m v x d 2 v y d t 2 = ( q B m ) 2 v y \dfrac{dv_x}{dt}=\dfrac{qB}{m}v_y, \dfrac{dv_y}{dt}=\dfrac{qE}{m}-\dfrac{qB}{m}v_x\implies \dfrac{d^2v_y}{dt^2}=-(\frac{qB}{m})^2v_y .

Solution of the last equation is

v y = A sin ( q B t m ) v_y=A\sin (\frac{qBt}{m}) , where A, the amplitude of v y v_y , is the integration constant. The other constant is zero since initial velocity is zero in both the x x and the y y directions. Since there is no acceleration in the z z direction and the initial velocity in this direction is zero, there is no motion along this direction. So,

v x = m q B ( q E m d v y d t ) = E B A cos ( q B t m ) v_x=\dfrac{m}{qB}(\frac{qE}{m}-\frac{dv_y}{dt})=\dfrac{E}{B}-A\cos (\frac{qBt}{m}) .

Since at t = 0 , v x = 0 t=0, v_x=0 ,

Therefore A = E B v y = E B sin ( q B t m ) y = m E q B 2 ( 1 cos ( q B t m ) ) A=\dfrac{E}{B}\implies v_y=\dfrac{E}{B}\sin (\frac{qBt}{m})\implies y=\dfrac{mE}{qB^2}\left (1-\cos (\frac{qBt}{m})\right )

y m a x = 2 m E q B 2 \implies y_{max}=\dfrac{2mE}{qB^2} .

Substituting values, we get y m a x = 0.64 y_{max}=\boxed {0.64}

Steven Chase
May 6, 2020

Just for fun, here's my general computational solution. If we wanted to, we could make another version of this problem with all of the field components populated, and all of the initial velocities populated.

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import math

m = 2.0
q = 1.0
E = 4.0
B = 5.0

dt = 10.0**(-5.0)

##########################

Ex = 0.0
Ey = E
Ez = 0.0

Bx = 0.0
By = 0.0
Bz = B

##########################

t = 0.0
count = 0

x = 0.0
y = 0.0
z = 0.0

xd = 0.0
yd = 0.0
zd = 0.0

xdd = 0.0
ydd = 0.0
zdd = 0.0

ymax = 0.0

##########################

while t <= 10.0:

    x = x + xd*dt
    y = y + yd*dt
    z = z + zd*dt

    xd = xd + xdd*dt
    yd = yd + ydd*dt
    zd = zd + zdd*dt

    FEx = q*Ex
    FEy = q*Ey
    FEz = q*Ez

    crossx = yd*Bz - zd*By
    crossy = -(xd*Bz - zd*Bx)
    crossz = xd*By - yd*Bx

    FBx = q*crossx
    FBy = q*crossy
    FBz = q*crossz

    Fx = FEx + FBx
    Fy = FEy + FBy
    Fz = FEz + FBz

    xdd = Fx/m
    ydd = Fy/m
    zdd = Fz/m

    t = t + dt
    count = count + 1

    if y > ymax:
        ymax = y

    #if count % 1000 == 0:
        #print t,x,y,z

##########################

print dt
print ymax

#>>> 
#0.0001
#0.640880858483
#>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
#>>> 
#1e-05
#0.640087976691
#>>> 

@Steven Chase okay! It would be very interesting. BTW continue you series with electro-mechanics (part 3) . I am very excited for that part.

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 1 month ago

If I think of a good followup to the electro-mechanics one, I will post it. The followup to this one (with all components populated) would likely not be solvable analytically.

Steven Chase - 1 year, 1 month ago

@Steven Chase Thanks, upload (part 3 ) as fast as possible. And for that, no matter how hard it gets, I will try to solve it analytically.

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 1 month ago

I will be happy if anyone will make a nice follow up to this problem.

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