Calculate the magnitude of the force, in m N , experienced by a 1 0 μ C charge located at A ( 3 , 0 , − 2 ) from a charge 2 0 μ C located at B ( − 5 , 4 , 1 ) . Use standard values for constants.
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Distance between the charges can be found by the Pythagorean Theorem:
r = ( 3 − − 5 ) 2 + ( 0 − 4 ) 2 + ( − 2 − 1 ) 2 = 8 9
F o r c e = r 2 k Q 1 Q 2 = 8 9 ( 8 . 9 8 7 6 × 1 0 − 6 ) ( 2 0 × 1 0 − 6 ) ( 1 0 × 1 0 − 6 ) = 0 . 0 2 0 2 N
We need to multiply by 1000 to convert from N to mN.
Hence, force = 2 0 . 2 m N
However, I'm reluctant to give the final answer to more than 2.s.f. because the data was only given to 2.s.f.
Vector components from point B to A corresponds to R B A = r A − r B = 3 a x − 2 a z − ( − 5 a x + 4 a y + a z ) = 8 a x − 4 a y − 3 a z . F B A = 4 π ϵ 0 ( ∣ R B A ∣ ) 3 ( 1 0 μ C ) ( 2 0 μ C ) ( R B A ) = 1 7 . 1 2 7 a x − 8 . 5 6 3 a y − 6 . 4 2 3 a z m N ∣ F B A ∣ = ( 1 7 . 1 2 7 ) 2 + ( − 8 . 5 6 3 ) 2 + ( − 6 . 4 2 3 ) 2 m N = 2 0 . 1 9 7 m N
Converting from vectors to scalars right at the beginning would have made it easier :)
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d 2 = ( 3 + 5 ) 2 + ( 0 − 4 ) 2 + ( − 2 − 1 ) 2 = 89 m 2
c = 299792458 m s − 1
F = 8 9 c 2 × 1 0 − 7 × 1 0 μ × 2 0 μ × 1 0 0 0 m = (20.19674558959140764044943820224+) m N
Answer: 2 0 . 1 9 7