How about rearranging these triangles?

Geometry Level 1

The above shows a triangle A B C ABC with base A B = 3 AB = 3 and height C D = 3 CD = \sqrt3 . Point D D lies on A B AB such that A D = B C AD= BC . Find the length of A C AC .

5 \sqrt5 6 \sqrt6 7 \sqrt7 8 \sqrt8

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3 solutions

Let A D = B C = x AD=BC=x , then applying Pythagorean theorem in C B D \triangle CBD will give: ( 3 x ) 2 + 3 = x 2 x = 2 (3-x)^2+3=x^2\implies x=2 . ? = 2 2 + 3 = 7 \therefore ?=\sqrt{2^2+3}=\sqrt{7} .

The crafty and elegant idea here is to create a rectangle. Let's call it B D C E BDCE . Since two diagonals in a rectangle are equal, B D = D E BD=DE ! We thus have an isosceles triangle, and since the right-angled triangle B A E BAE has a hypotenuse that is twice as long as its side, we realise that the two acute angles in the isosceles triangle are 3 0 30^\circ each, which gives us another 30 60 90 30-60-90 triangle! And then we use Pythagoras' Theorem.

Alternatively, I suggest duplicating A D AD and putting it over B D BD to make a big isosceles triangle. That's another way, but my personal preference is to the former.

Or(orally) you could write A D = B C = x AD=BC=x , then Pythagoras theorem in C B D \triangle CBD will give: ( 3 x ) 2 + 3 = x 2 x = 2 (3-x)^2+3=x^2\implies x=2 . ? = 2 2 + 3 = 7 \therefore ?=\sqrt{2^2+3}=\sqrt{7} .

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 5 months ago

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That's what I did

Steven Chase - 4 years, 5 months ago

Explanation is necessary for those people who are weak in mathematics .

Sabhrant Sachan - 4 years, 5 months ago

Undoubtedly Praiseworthy work! But you make it so complex

Prokash Shakkhar - 4 years, 5 months ago

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On the contrary, what I do here is much more elgant than mindless equation manipulation. This is geometry, and when something can be solved geometrically, the proof will necessarily be more beautiful.

A Former Brilliant Member - 4 years, 5 months ago

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Which is of course just an opinion ;)

Peter van der Linden - 4 years, 5 months ago

You have my up vote for the explanation ! +1

Sabhrant Sachan - 4 years, 5 months ago
Prokash Shakkhar
Dec 23, 2016

The triangle Δ A D C \Delta ADC is an right angled triangle.. So, from Pythagorean identity, A C 2 = C D 2 + A D 2 A C 2 = 3 + A D 2 ( 1 ) AC^2 = CD^2 + AD^2 \Rightarrow AC^2 = 3+AD^2…………(1) Now the angle B A C \angle BAC in Δ A B C \Delta ABC is an accute angle.. So, we can apply the expansion of Pythagorean theorem for accute angled triangle.. This is: B C 2 = A C 2 + A B 2 2 A B . A D BC^2 =AC^2 +AB^2 -2AB.AD A D 2 = A C 2 + ( 3 ) 2 6 A D \Rightarrow AD^2=AC^2 +(3)^2 -6AD ;{Given, B C = A B BC=AB } A D 2 = 3 + A D 2 + 9 6 A D \Rightarrow AD^2 =3 +AD^2 +9-6AD {From equation \color\green{(1)} } A D = 2 ( 2 ) \Rightarrow AD =2…… (2) So, plugging A D = 2 AD=2 in equation \color\green{(1)} , we get... A C = 3 + 2 2 AC=\sqrt{3+2^2} \Rightarrow\boxed{\color\red{AC=\sqrt{7}}}

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