Equations on Integration!

Calculus Level 5

0 x t f ( x t ) d t = 0 x f ( t ) d t + sin ( x ) + cos ( x ) x 1 \large{\int_0^x tf(x-t)\ \mathrm{d}t = \int_0^x f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t + \sin(x) + \cos(x) -x-1}

Find a continuous function f ( x ) f(x) such that for all real x x , the above equation is satisfied. Determine the value of f ( π 6 ) f \left( \frac{\pi}6 \right) to three decimal places.


The answer is 0.822.

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1 solution

Kushal Patankar
Jul 7, 2016

0 x t f ( x t ) d t = 0 x f ( t ) d t + sin ( x ) + cos ( x ) x 1 \large{\int_0^x t \cdot f(x-t)\ \mathrm{d}t = \int_0^x f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t + \sin(x) + \cos(x) -x-1} As a b f ( x ) d t = a b f ( ( a + b ) x ) d t \color{#3D99F6}{\text{As} \int_a^b f(x) \mathrm{d}t= \int_a^b f((a+b)-x)\mathrm{d}t}

0 x ( x t ) f ( t ) d t = 0 x f ( t ) d t + sin ( x ) + cos ( x ) x 1 \large{\int_0^x (x-t) \cdot f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t = \int_0^x f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t + \sin(x) + \cos(x) -x-1}

( x 1 ) 0 x f ( t ) d t 0 x t f ( t ) d t = sin ( x ) + cos ( x ) x 1 (x-1)\int_0^x f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t - \large{\int_0^x t \cdot f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t = \sin(x) + \cos(x) -x-1}

Differentiate above equation with respect to x x .

( x 1 ) f ( x ) + 0 x f ( t ) d t x f ( x ) = cos ( x ) sin ( x ) 1 (x-1) \cdot f(x) + \int_0^x f(t) \mathrm{d}t - x \cdot f(x) = \cos(x)-\sin(x) -1

Subtacting x . f ( x ) x.f(x) on the LHS. And rearranging the equation.

0 x f ( t ) d t = f ( x ) + cos ( x ) sin ( x ) 1 \int_0^x f(t) \mathrm{d}t =f(x)+\cos(x)-\sin(x) -1

Again differentiate the above equation.

f ( x ) = f ( x ) cos ( x ) sin ( x ) f(x) =f'(x)-\cos(x)-\sin(x)

Above equation is a First Order Linear Differential Equation which can be easily solved. And finally we get:

f ( x ) = c e x cos ( x ) f(x) = \color{#20A900}{c} \cdot e^x - \cos(x)

Here c \color{#20A900}{c} is an arbitrary constant. Value of the constant can be found out by using above equations which will turn out to be 1 1 .

f ( x ) = e x cos ( x ) \boxed{ f(x) = e^x - \cos(x)}

Putting x = π 6 x = \frac{π}{6} we get: f ( π 6 ) = e π 6 3 2 = 0.822 \boxed{f(\frac{\pi}{6})=e^{\frac{\pi}{6}}-\frac{√3}{2}=0.822}

why cant I differentiate at the first step??

Nivedit Jain - 3 years, 3 months ago

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Yes, if we differentiate it we get the other answer

Pranshu Rao - 2 years, 8 months ago

Why can't we differentiate it

Pranshu Rao - 2 years, 8 months ago

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