Escalating x x -er

Calculus Level 3

The straight purple line—intersecting the line y = x y = x at the marked points ( x , x ) (x,x) —has a varying slope of x x throughout the move. As shown, the orange region is formed within the unit square.

Given that the area of the orange region is A A , input 1000 A \lfloor 1000A\rfloor as your answer


The answer is 583.

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2 solutions

Jeremy Galvagni
Aug 10, 2018

The purple line has equation y = a ( x a ) + a = a 2 + ( x + 1 ) a y=a(x-a)+a=-a^{2}+(x+1)a where ( a , a ) (a,a) is the marked point.

To find the highest point at a given x-coordinate note the equation looks like a negative quadratic in terms of a a so its vertex is given by a = ( x + 1 ) 2 1 = x + 1 2 a=\frac{-(x+1)}{2\cdot -1}=\frac{x+1}{2} .

This is enough to find the equation of the dotted curve by subbing a a into the original equation again:

y = 1 + x 2 ( x 1 + x 2 ) + 1 + x 2 = ( 1 + x 2 ) 2 y=\frac{1+x}{2}(x-\frac{1+x}{2})+\frac{1+x}{2}=(\frac{1+x}{2})^{2}

It's just a parabola. The quickest way of finding the area is the integral

0 1 ( 1 + x 2 ) 2 d x = 7 12 0.5833 \int_{0}^{1} (\frac{1+x}{2})^{2} dx = \frac{7}{12} \approx 0.5833 so the solution is 583 \boxed{583}

Michael Huang
Aug 9, 2018

Let t t denote the parametric variable of the purple line. Then, its equation is y ( x , t ) = t ( x t ) + t = t x + ( t 2 + t ) = t 2 + t ( x + 1 ) y(x,t) = t(x - t) + t = tx + (-t^2 + t) = -t^2 + t(x + 1) Since the intersection points of both orange boundary and purple line are the highest peak points (thus global maxima) of all parabolas with respect to t t , quadratic formula shows that t = x + 1 2 t = \dfrac{x + 1}{2} which gives y ( x ) = ( x + 1 2 ) 2 + ( x + 1 2 ) ( x + 1 ) = 1 4 ( x + 1 ) 2 y(x) = -\left(\dfrac{x + 1}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\dfrac{x + 1}{2}\right) \cdot (x + 1) = \dfrac{1}{4}(x + 1)^2 Thus, since A = 0 1 1 4 ( x + 1 ) 2 d x = 7 12 A = \int\limits_0^1 \dfrac{1}{4}(x + 1)^2\,dx = \dfrac{7}{12} the answer to the problem is 1000 A = 583 \lfloor 1000A \rfloor = \boxed{583}

How did you make the animated picture in the problem? It looks like Desmos but I can't find a way to export anything more than stills.

Edit. Found it: http://www.gifsmos.com/

Jeremy Galvagni - 2 years, 10 months ago

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First, I created the diagram, using Desmos. Then, I use EZGif to transfer from video format to cropped gif image. :)

Michael Huang - 2 years, 10 months ago

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