evaluate this integral

Calculus Level 3

if 0 2 π [ sin ( x ) + cos ( x ) ] d x = m π \int_{0}^{2π} [ |\sin(x)|+|\cos(x)| ] dx = mπ here [.] means the floor function, enter the value of m.


The answer is 2.

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1 solution

Hasan Kassim
Aug 23, 2014

First we will try to eliminate the absolute value symbol. It can be done by splitting the integral into several integrals, but I used another way..

Let u = x π , d u = d x \displaystyle u=x-\pi , du=dx

= > 0 2 π sin x + cos x d x = π π sin ( u + π ) + cos ( u + π ) d u \displaystyle => \int_0^{2\pi} \mathrm \lfloor|\sin x|+|\cos x|\rfloor\,\mathrm{d}x=\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \mathrm \lfloor|\sin (u+\pi)|+|\cos (u+\pi)|\rfloor\,\mathrm{d}u

= π π sin ( u ) + cos ( u ) d u = 2 0 π sin ( u ) + cos ( u ) d u \displaystyle =\int_ {-\pi}^{\pi} \mathrm \lfloor|\sin (u)|+|\cos (u)|\rfloor\,\mathrm{d}u =2\int_ 0^\pi \mathrm \lfloor|\sin (u)|+|\cos (u)|\rfloor\,\mathrm{d}u

Now, let y = u π 2 , d y = d u \displaystyle y=u-\frac{\pi}{2} , dy=du

= > 2 0 π sin ( u ) + cos ( u ) d u = 2 π 2 π 2 sin ( y + π 2 ) + cos ( y + π 2 ) d y \displaystyle => 2\int_ 0^\pi \mathrm \lfloor|\sin (u)|+|\cos (u)|\rfloor\,\mathrm{d}u=2\int_ {-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \mathrm \lfloor|\sin (y+\frac{\pi}{2})|+|\cos (y+\frac{\pi}{2})|\rfloor\,\mathrm{d}y

= 2 π 2 π 2 cos ( y ) + sin ( y ) d y = 4 0 π 2 cos ( y ) + sin ( y ) d y \displaystyle = 2\int_ {-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \mathrm \lfloor|\cos (y)|+|\sin (y)|\rfloor\,\mathrm{d}y=4\int_ 0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \mathrm \lfloor|\cos (y)|+|\sin (y)|\rfloor\,\mathrm{d}y

The new limits of integration indicate that the argument of cos x \cos x and sin x \sin x are in the first quadrant, hence they are positive.

Now to deal with the floor function, let f ( y ) = sin y + cos y \displaystyle f(y)=\sin y +\cos y . Using calculus, f(y) increases on ] 0 , π 4 [ ]0,\frac{\pi}{4}[ and decreases on ] π 4 , π 2 [ ]\frac{\pi}{4},\frac{\pi}{2}[

So, f ( 0 ) < f ( y ) < f ( π 4 ) f o r 0 < x < π 4 a n d f ( π 4 ) < f ( y ) < f ( π 2 ) f o r π 4 < x < π 2 \displaystyle f(0)<f(y)<f(\frac{\pi}{4}) for 0<x<\frac{\pi}{4} and f(\frac{\pi}{4})<f(y)<f(\frac{\pi}{2}) for \frac{\pi}{4}<x<\frac{\pi}{2} , hence we can bound f f between 1 1 and 2 \sqrt{2} on ] 0 , π 2 [ ]0,\frac{\pi}{2}[

= > 4 0 π 2 cos ( y ) + sin ( y ) d y = 4 0 π 2 d y = 2 π \displaystyle => 4\int_ 0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \mathrm \lfloor\cos (y)+\sin (y)\rfloor\,\mathrm{d}y=4\int_ 0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \mathrm{d}y= 2\pi

Therefore our desired answer is m = 2 \boxed{m=2}

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