Evaluating function with integral

Calculus Level 3

If f ( x ) f(x) is a function defined for all positive real numbers such that x f ( x ) = x + 1 x f ( t ) d t , xf(x)=\ x+\int_{1}^{x} f(t)dt, what is k = 1 10 f ( e k ) ? \sum_{k=1}^{10} f(e^k)?


The answer is 65.

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2 solutions

Tapas Mazumdar
May 10, 2018

x f ( x ) = x + 1 x f ( t ) d t x f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 1 + f ( x ) Differentiating both sides wrt x f ( x ) = 1 x f ( x ) = ln x + C f ( x ) = ln x + 1 Putting x = 1 in the original equation we get f ( 1 ) = 1 hence C=1 f ( e k ) = k + 1 k = 1 10 f ( e k ) = k = 1 10 ( k + 1 ) = 10 × 11 2 + 10 = 65 \begin{aligned} & xf(x) = x+ \displaystyle \int_1^x f(t) \,dt \\ \implies & xf'(x) + f(x) = 1 + f(x) & \small\color{#3D99F6}\text{Differentiating both sides wrt x} \\ \implies & f'(x) = \dfrac{1}{x} \\ \implies & f(x) = \ln x + C \\ \implies & f(x) = \ln x + 1 & \small\color{#3D99F6}\text{Putting } x=1 \text{ in the original equation we get } f(1) =1 \text{ hence C=1} \\ \implies & f(e^k) = k+1 \\ \implies & \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{10} f(e^k) = \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{10} (k+1) = \dfrac{10 \times 11}{2} + 10 = \boxed{65} \end{aligned}

Akash Mahor
Apr 27, 2014

at x=1 f(1)=1 by applying d d x \frac{d}{dx} on both side (we have to apply labnize) f ( x ) + x × f ( x ) = 1 + f ( x ) f(x)+x \times f^|(x) = 1+f(x) = f ( x ) = 1 x f^|(x)=\frac{1}{x} by integrating we get = f ( x ) = l o g ( x ) + c f(x)=log(x)+c by applying f(1)=1 we get c=1 therefore f(x)=log(x)+1 k = 1 1 0 f ( e k = k = 1 1 0 k + k = 1 1 01 \sum_{k=1}^10 f(e^{k}=\sum_{k=1}^10 k +\sum_{k=1}^10 1 = 55+10 =65

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